BackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) presents a significant clinical challenge, particularly due to its high propensity for locoregional recurrence. Current research underscores the need to unravel the complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment. This study addresses the critical gap in understanding how FOS modulates the immune landscape in HNSCC, with a focus on its influence on fibroblast and myeloid cell dynamics.MethodsEmploying a comprehensive approach, we analyzed tissue samples from HNSCC patients and adjacent non‐cancerous tissues using bulk RNA sequencing complemented by in‐depth bioinformatics analyses, including gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and immune infiltration assessment. A pivotal aspect of our research involved dissecting single‐cell RNA‐seq data from GSE234933 to elucidate the cell‐type‐specific expression of FOS.ResultsWe found that FOS expression varies significantly in different cell populations in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment, especially in fibroblasts and myeloid cells. This expression difference may reflect the different roles of these cells in tumor progression and their impact on the tumor microenvironment.ConclusionOur results uncover a significant correlation between FOS expression and key immune and hypoxia‐related pathways, suggesting its integral role in the tumor microenvironment. These findings not only enhance our understanding of HNSCC pathogenesis but also highlight FOS as a potential therapeutic target. This study marks a significant step towards addressing the urgent need for targeted interventions in HNSCC, particularly in the context of locoregional recurrence.

中文翻译：

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阐明 FOS 通过成纤维细胞和骨髓细胞调节在局部复发性 HNSCC 中调节免疫微环境的作用

背景头颈鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）提出了重大的临床挑战，特别是由于其局部区域复发的高倾向。当前的研究强调需要解开肿瘤微环境内复杂的相互作用。这项研究解决了理解 FOS 如何调节 HNSCC 免疫环境的关键差距，重点关注其对成纤维细胞和骨髓细胞动力学的影响。方法采用综合方法，我们使用大量数据分析了 HNSCC 患者和邻近非癌组织的组织样本。 RNA 测序辅以深入的生物信息学分析，包括基因本体论 (GO)、京都基因和基因组百科全书 (KEGG) 通路分析和免疫浸润评估。我们研究的一个关键方面涉及剖析来自 GSE234933 的单细胞 RNA 序列数据，以阐明 FOS 的细胞类型特异性表达。结果我们发现，FOS 表达在 HNSCC 肿瘤微环境中的不同细胞群中存在显着差异，尤其是在成纤维细胞和骨髓细胞。这种表达差异可能反映了这些细胞在肿瘤进展中的不同作用及其对肿瘤微环境的影响。结论我们的结果揭示了FOS表达与关键免疫和缺氧相关途径之间的显着相关性，表明其在肿瘤微环境中的不可或缺的作用。这些发现不仅增强了我们对 HNSCC 发病机制的理解，还强调了 FOS 作为潜在的治疗靶点。这项研究标志着朝着解决 HNSCC 针对性干预的迫切需要迈出了重要一步，特别是在局部区域复发的情况下。