Conductive hydrogels have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of wearable soft electronics. However, they face limitations during practical implementation owing to their unbalanced overall properties. In this study, we present a dynamic cross-linked gelatin/poly(acrylic acid--acrylamide) (GPFe) hydrogel with tunable mechanical strength, self-healing, freezing resistance, electrical conductivity, and high sensitivity, which was prepared by incorporating Fe ions. The hydrogel was prepared based on the tongue, in which gelatin/poly(acrylic acid--acrylamide) and Fe ions mimic the connective tissue and receptor cells of the human tongue. The synergistic effect of reversible crosslinking, along with the modulation of rigid and flexible components enabled tunable flexible structures that exhibit excellent mechanical properties such as elongation at break (569 %) and toughness (8.82 MJ m). Notably, the GPFe hydrogel exhibited remarkable self-healing ability, even at room temperature, while maintaining a good freezing resistance. Furthermore, the GPFe demonstrated fast response characteristics along with a high sensitivity (GF = 2.75). Consequently, it could be assembled into sensors capable of effectively detecting various movements of the human body; it serves as an electronic skin that responds to diverse external stimuli and monitors underwater motion signals. This study provides new insights into the design of conductive hydrogels with tunable overall properties that can be modified to suit specific application scenarios.

中文翻译：

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受舌启发的明胶/聚(丙烯酸酯-共-丙烯酰胺)-Fe3+有机水凝胶，具有可调节的机械、电学和感官特性

导电水凝胶已成为下一代可穿戴软电子产品最有前途的候选者之一。然而，由于其整体属性不平衡，在实际实施过程中面临着局限性。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种动态交联明胶/聚（丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺）（GPFe）水凝胶，该水凝胶具有可调节的机械强度、自修复、抗冻性、导电性和高灵敏度，该水凝胶是通过掺入Fe制备的。离子。该水凝胶是以舌头为基础制备的，其中明胶/聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺和Fe离子模拟了人舌头的结缔组织和受体细胞。可逆交联的协同效应以及刚性和柔性组分的调节使得可调柔性结构具有优异的机械性能，例如断裂伸长率（569%）和韧性（8.82 MJ·m）。值得注意的是，即使在室温下，GPFe水凝胶也表现出显着的自修复能力，同时保持良好的抗冻性。此外，GPFe 表现出快速响应特性和高灵敏度 (GF = 2.75)。因此，可以将其组装成能够有效检测人体各种运动的传感器；它充当电子皮肤，可以响应各种外部刺激并监测水下运动信号。这项研究为具有可调整体性能的导电水凝胶的设计提供了新的见解，这些性能可以进行修改以适应特定的应用场景。