The world is witnessing the rapid development of commercial fifth-generation (5G) networks that enable diverse applications and services with enhanced mobile broadband, ultra-reliability, low latency, and massive connectivity performance. Technical specifications and requirements for 5G networks have been officially standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) organization since Release (Rel) 15. Subsequently, several advanced technologies have been involved in the standards through recent updates. This paper investigated the evolution of 5G access networks derived from stable 3GPP standards to obtain a systematic view of the technology. In particular, Rel 15 initiated the first complete 5G network along with the standalone New Radio (NR) architecture. While Rel 16 focused on improving system performance, expanding user cases, and exploiting new spectrum resources, Rel 17 targeted the cellular Internet of Things, multimedia services, and intelligent computing capabilities. In addition, expected features in Rel 18 and Rel 19 are studied and considered for future research for 5G and beyond. This paper aims to provide interested readers with a reference framework on the standard 5G access technology development and trends.

中文翻译：

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3GPP 5G 接入标准新技术综述

世界正在见证商用第五代 (5G) 网络的快速发展，这些网络通过增强的移动宽带、超可靠性、低延迟和海量连接性能来支持多样化的应用和服务。 5G网络的技术规范和要求自Release (Rel) 15起已由第三代合作伙伴计划（3GPP）组织正式标准化。随后，通过最近的更新，多项先进技术已被纳入标准中。本文研究了源自稳定 3GPP 标准的 5G 接入网络的演进，以获得对该技术的系统看法。特别是，Rel 15 启动了第一个完整的 5G 网络以及独立的新无线电 (NR) 架构。 Rel 16 侧重于提高系统性能、扩展用户案例和开发新频谱资源，而 Rel 17 则针对蜂窝物联网、多媒体服务和智能计算功能。此外，我们还研究了 Rel 18 和 Rel 19 中的预期功能，并考虑用于 5G 及更高版本的未来研究。本文旨在为感兴趣的读者提供一个关于标准5G接入技术发展和趋势的参考框架。