Pesticides are contaminants run-offs from agricultural areas with a global concern due to their toxicity for non-target organisms. The Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency reported about 63% of the food contain pesticide residues. Glyphosate is a herbicide used worldwide but its toxicity is not a consensus among specialists around the world. AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) is a glyphosate metabolite that can be more toxic than the parental molecule. Melanoma murine B16-F1 cells were exposed to glyphosate and AMPA to investigate the cell profile and possible induction to a more malignant phenotype. Glyphosate modulated the multi-drug resistance mechanisms by ABCB5 gene expression, decreasing cell attachment, increasing cell migration and inducing extracellular vesicles production, and the cells exposed to AMPA revealed potential damages to DNA. The present study observed that AMPA exhibits high cytotoxicity, which suggests a potential impact on non-tumor cells, which are, in general, more susceptible to chemical exposure. Conversely, glyphosate favored a more metastatic and chemoresistant behavior in cancer cells, highlighting the importance of additional research in this area.

中文翻译：

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草甘膦和氨甲基膦酸代谢物 (AMPA) 调节小鼠黑色素瘤 B16-F1 细胞的表型

农药是农业地区的污染物径流，因其对非目标生物体的毒性而受到全球关注。巴西卫生监督机构报告称，约63%的食品含有农药残留。草甘膦是一种世界范围内使用的除草剂，但其毒性尚未得到世界各地专家的共识。 AMPA（氨基甲基膦酸）是一种草甘膦代谢物，其毒性可能比母体分子更大。将黑色素瘤鼠 B16-F1 细胞暴露于草甘膦和 AMPA 中，以研究细胞特征以及是否可能诱导出更恶性的表型。草甘膦通过 ABCB5 基因表达、减少细胞附着、增加细胞迁移和诱导细胞外囊泡产生来调节多药耐药机制，暴露于 AMPA 的细胞显示出潜在的 DNA 损伤。本研究观察到 AMPA 表现出高细胞毒性，这表明对非肿瘤细胞具有潜在影响，而非肿瘤细胞通常更容易受到化学物质的影响。相反，草甘膦有利于癌细胞更具转移性和耐药性，这凸显了该领域进一步研究的重要性。