Extreme events such as wildfires and winter storms result in disruptions to grid-based electricity delivery. Electricity supply disruptions are both reactive, whereby specific events cause damage to physical infrastructure, or anticipatory where electricity suppliers—namely electric utility companies—preemptively de-energize sections of an electrical grid or distribution network based on elevated potential of extreme conditions that may cause wildfire ignition. De-energization has been promoted as a strategy to mitigate risk of wildfire ignition and spread when active fires may encounter distribution/transmission lines. Provision of basic energy services such as electricity are necessary for maintaining a range of essential functions such as communication, which become critical during extreme events. In recent years, Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS) have increasingly been deployed by utility companies in Western U.S states as wildfire risk increases due to combined impacts of anthropogenic climate change, fuel accumulation, and expansion of development in fire prone lands. While the PSPS policy was designed to reduce liability of utilities in igniting fires, there is a dearth of research critically analyzing how the policy affects social vulnerability for populations subjected to periods of de-energization during high-risk fire conditions. This article aims to deepen current understandings of the way scale can be deployed to illustrate the highly spatial nature of relationships coupling electricity supply outages with demographic data to advance limited knowledge on social vulnerability characteristics for specific communities subjected to PSPS. The research engages scale to compare social vulnerability to outages experienced both in Butte County, located in northern California and the state as a whole.

中文翻译：

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人类世中的火灾和能源耦合：部署规模来分析加利福尼亚州被迫停电的社会脆弱性

野火和冬季风暴等极端事件会导致电网电力输送中断。电力供应中断既是反应性的，即特定事件会对物理基础设施造成损害，也可以是预期性的，即电力供应商（即电力公司）根据可能导致野火的极端条件的可能性增加，先发制人地切断电网或配电网络的部分电源。点火。当火灾可能遇到配电/输电线路时，断电已被推广为一种降低野火点燃和蔓延风险的策略。提供电力等基本能源服务对于维持通信等一系列基本功能是必要的，这在极端事件期间变得至关重要。近年来，由于人为气候变化、燃料积累以及火灾易发地区开发扩张的综合影响，野火风险增加，美国西部各州的公用事业公司越来越多地部署公共安全断电装置 (PSPS)。虽然 PSPS 政策旨在减少公用事业公司引发火灾的责任，但缺乏研究来批判性地分析该政策如何影响高风险火灾条件下断电期间人口的社会脆弱性。本文旨在加深目前对规模部署方式的理解，以说明电力供应中断与人口数据耦合关系的高度空间性质，以增进对受 PSPS 影响的特定社区社会脆弱性特征的有限了解。该研究采用规模来比较加州北部巴特县和整个州所经历的停电造成的社会脆弱性。