Over time, the body undergoes a natural, multifactorial, and ongoing process named senescence, which induces changes at the molecular, cellular, and micro-anatomical levels in many body systems. The brain, being a highly complex organ, is particularly affected by this process, potentially impairing its numerous functions. The brain relies on chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters to function properly, with dopamine being one of the most crucial. This catecholamine is responsible for a broad range of critical roles in the central nervous system, including movement, learning, cognition, motivation, emotion, reward, hormonal release, memory consolidation, visual performance, sexual drive, modulation of circadian rhythms, and brain development. In the present review, we thoroughly examine the impact of senescence on the dopaminergic system, with a primary focus on the classic delimitations of the dopaminergic nuclei from A8 to A17. We provide in-depth information about their anatomy and function, particularly addressing how senescence affects each of these nuclei.

中文翻译：

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衰老对多巴胺能系统的神经生物学影响：综合综述

随着时间的推移，身体会经历一种自然的、多因素的、持续的过程，称为衰老，它会引起许多身体系统的分子、细胞和微观解剖水平的变化。大脑是一个高度复杂的器官，特别容易受到这一过程的影响，可能会损害其众多功能。大脑依靠被称为神经递质的化学信使来正常运作，其中多巴胺是最重要的之一。这种儿茶酚胺在中枢神经系统中发挥着广泛的关键作用，包括运动、学习、认知、动机、情感、奖励、荷尔蒙释放、记忆巩固、视觉表现、性欲、昼夜节律调节和大脑发育。在本综述中，我们彻底研究了衰老对多巴胺能系统的影响，主要关注从 A8 到 A17 的多巴胺能核的经典界限。我们提供有关它们的解剖结构和功能的深入信息，特别是解决衰老如何影响每个细胞核。