Much public debate today is carried out on Twitter (now X), where the participants employ a range of diverse resources to convey their ideas effectively. Disentangling the resources into clear and understandable structures and patterns presents a fresh challenge for discourse pragmatics. This article addresses that challenge methodologically by evaluating existing methods for identifying and classifying pragmatic patterns, revealing their drawbacks, and advocating for a new coding system. This categorizes tweets based on a post's primary pragmatic function (informing, appealing, or expressing emotivity), considering subsidiary functions. The study then applies this new scheme to analyze the Twitter debate on the Polish Turów lignite mine, which became a subject of international dispute as the Czech and European authorities sought the mine's closure to eliminate its negative environmental impact. The debate unfolds mainly in Polish, Czech, and English, each language being associated with a distinct discourse. The English discourse emphasizes a transnational appeal for widespread decarbonization, contrasting with the predominantly oppositional, national political perspectives in the Polish and Czech discourses. These rely heavily on emotivity directed, in the Polish case, primarily against the country's ruling party, and in the Czech one against the deal eventually reached with Poland to mitigate the problems.

中文翻译：

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Twitter 上的务实模式和话语：图鲁夫褐煤矿讨论中的观点解读

今天的许多公开辩论都是在 Twitter（现在是 X）上进行的，参与者利用一系列不同的资源来有效地传达他们的想法。将资源分解为清晰易懂的结构和模式对话语语用学提出了新的挑战。本文通过评估现有的用于识别和分类语用模式的方法、揭示其缺点并倡导新的编码系统，从方法上解决了这一挑战。这根据帖子的主要实用功能（通知、吸引或表达情感）对推文进行分类，并考虑辅助功能。然后，该研究应用这一新方案来分析关于波兰 Turów 褐煤矿的 Twitter 辩论，该矿成为国际争议的主题，因为捷克和欧洲当局寻求关闭该矿以消除其对环境的负面影响。争论主要以波兰语、捷克语和英语展开，每种语言都与不同的话语相关。英语话语强调对广泛脱碳的跨国呼吁，这与波兰和捷克话语中主要反对的国家政治观点形成鲜明对比。这些在很大程度上依赖于情绪导向，在波兰的案例中，主要是针对该国的执政党，而在捷克的案例中，则反对最终与波兰达成的缓解问题的协议。