Photocatalytic degradation is as an efficient technique to eradicate toxic chemical pollutants from contaminated water sources. However, the selectivity and photocatalytic activity are the challenging targets to explore the new photocatalysts. Therefore, our research goal is to develop a suitable photocatalyst to satisfy the recent photocatalytic degradation demand. In this work, amine functionalized graphene oxide (NH-GO) supported heterojunction ternary novel nanocomposites (NH-GO/ZnO-WO) were prepared via simple solvothermal method. Structural and morphological investigations of the prepared composites are systematically observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Spectroscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–vis) Spectroscopy. FT-IR analysis confirmed the effective functionalization of amine on graphene oxide. The XRD results indicated that the prepared nanocomposites were free from any impurities and the binary composite (NH-GO/ZnO) showed hexagonal wurtzite structure, whereas the ternary composite (NH-GO/ZnO-WO) exhibited mix crystal structure of monoclinic and hexagonal phase of WO and ZnO, respectively. The synthesized ternary photocatalyst (NH-GO/ZnO-WO) demonstrated superior photocatalytic efficiency towards various organic dyes such as cationic dye methylene blue (MB, 85.89%) and anionic dye methyl orange (MO, 60.98%) compared to binary photocatalyst (NH-GO/ZnO) that showed only 52.28% of MB and 25.8% of MO dye degradation under UV light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic performance was mainly due to the low recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pair, narrow band gap, and large surface area of ternary composite. The presence of lone pair electrons in amino group provides a negative-charged surface composite resulting good interaction with cationic dye is the key to upgrade the photocatalytic performance. The ternary nanocomposite NH-GO/ZnO-WO has the capacity to be a competent and acceptable photocatalyst for the photodegradation of organic dyes used in industries.

中文翻译：

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ZnO-WO3纳米复合材料修饰的胺功能化氧化石墨烯用于修复废水中的有机染料

光催化降解是消除受污染水源中有毒化学污染物的有效技术。然而，选择性和光催化活性是探索新型光催化剂的挑战性目标。因此，我们的研究目标是开发一种合适的光催化剂来满足当前光催化降解的需求。在这项工作中，通过简单的溶剂热方法制备了胺功能化氧化石墨烯（NH-GO）负载的异质结三元新型纳米复合材料（NH-GO/ZnO-WO）。通过场发射扫描电子能谱 (FE-SEM)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FT-IR) 和紫外可见光 (UV-vis) 系统地观察所制备的复合材料的结构和形态研究光谱学。 FT-IR 分析证实了胺在氧化石墨烯上的有效官能化。 XRD结果表明，所制备的纳米复合材料不含任何杂质，二元复合材料（NH-GO/ZnO）呈现六方纤锌矿结构，而三元复合材料（NH-GO/ZnO-WO）呈现单斜和六方混合晶体结构。分别为WO和ZnO相。与二元光催化剂（NH）相比，合成的三元光催化剂（NH-GO/ZnO-WO）对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝（MB，85.89％）和阴离子染料甲基橙（MO，60.98％）等各种有机染料表现出优异的光催化效率。 -GO/ZnO)，在紫外光照射下，MB 染料仅降解 52.28%，MO 染料仅降解 25.8%。光催化性能的增强主要是由于光生电子-空穴对的复合率低、带隙窄、三元复合材料的表面积大。氨基中孤对电子的存在提供了带负电的表面复合物，从而与阳离子染料产生良好的相互作用，是提升光催化性能的关键。三元纳米复合材料 NH-GO/ZnO-WO 能够成为工业中使用的有机染料光降解的有效且可接受的光催化剂。