Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) among adolescents is growing problem worldwide and multiple studies investigated its associated parental risk and protective factors. The available studies, however, typically do not address the multidimensional nature of PSU. They also rely heavily on cross-sectional designs with a small number of potentially contributing variables. This 6-month prospective study examines the relationships between a large range of parental factors with the three known dimensions of PSU: social environment pressure, emotional gain, and addiction-like behaviors. Specifically the study examines whether, and to what extent, the various dimensions of current and future PSU are related to parental support giving, general quality of communication, specific communication about smartphone use, and the four common mediation strategies. The sample comprised 1187 triads of mothers, fathers, and adolescents. The data-analysis pipeline consisted of three consecutive phases: (1) analyses of parental factors at baseline, (2) analyses of parental factors change over 6-months, and (3) interaction analyses between parental factors and the time-period of the study. The pipeline elicited three factors that moderated the change in PSU over time: Communication about smartphones with mothers, parental support giving, and parental co-use. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of the existing literature and the familial, microsystem theoretical framework. Altogether, this prospective study scrutinized key parental factors and strategies that could be utilized by parents for coping with one of the most difficult parenting challenges of the digital era. Further research may build upon these findings to develop designated interventions to reduce PSU.

中文翻译：

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针对青少年智能手机使用问题的有效家长策略：一项为期 6 个月的前瞻性研究

青少年有问题的智能手机使用 (PSU) 在世界范围内是一个日益严重的问题，多项研究调查了其相关的父母风险和保护因素。然而，现有的研究通常没有解决 PSU 的多维性质。他们还严重依赖具有少量潜在贡献变量的横截面设计。这项为期 6 个月的前瞻性研究考察了一系列父母因素与 PSU 三个已知维度之间的关系：社会环境压力、情感增益和成瘾行为。具体来说，该研究考察了当前和未来 PSU 的各个维度是否以及在多大程度上与父母的支持、沟通的一般质量、有关智能手机使用的具体沟通以及四种常见的调解策略相关。该样本由 1187 名母亲、父亲和青少年组成。数据分析流程由三个连续阶段组成：(1) 基线时父母因素分析，(2) 6 个月内父母因素变化分析，以及 (3) 父母因素与时间段之间的相互作用分析学习。该管道引出了三个因素，这些因素随着时间的推移调节了 PSU 的变化：与母亲关于智能手机的沟通、父母的支持以及父母的共同使用。这些发现的含义在现有文献和家族微系统理论框架的背景下进行了讨论。总而言之，这项前瞻性研究仔细研究了父母可以用来应对数字时代最困难的育儿挑战之一的关键父母因素和策略。进一步的研究可以基于这些发现来制定减少 PSU 的指定干预措施。