Blockchain technology (BT) enhances the capacity to monitor products consistently, fostering supply chain responsiveness to a wide range of societal and environmental issues. Although BT is known as an innovative tool, there exist potential operational and organizational challenges affecting BT adoption. This study proposes a decision support approach to leverage risk management to analyze potential barriers associated with BT adoption in sustainable supply chains (SSCs). This approach is developed to model how the economic, social, and environmental-related barriers (e.g., energy consumption) and their corresponding risk factors are interrelated. To model the causal relationships (CRs) among the barriers identified through the literature review, the fuzzy cognitive map advanced by Z-number theory is embedded in the proposed approach. Then, a hybrid learning algorithm is employed to determine the criticality of the barriers. As the reliability of information affects the accuracy of decision-making, the Z-number theory applies uncertainty and reliability simultaneously in specifying the values of risk factors and the weights of the CRs. Taking advantage of the learning algorithm and Z-number theory, the findings show a reliable and unbiased ranking compared to the failure mode and effect analysis. This helps managers develop more efficient mitigation strategies to deal with critical barriers. The results of the study also imply that adoption costs, extra audits, and regulatory uncertainty are the critical barriers affecting SSC readiness.

中文翻译：

---

增强可持续供应链采用区块链的准备：障碍分析的决策支持方法

区块链技术 (BT) 增强了持续监控产品的能力，促进供应链对各种社会和环境问题的响应能力。尽管 BT 被认为是一种创新工具，但仍存在影响 BT 采用的潜在运营和组织挑战。本研究提出了一种决策支持方法，利用风险管理来分析与可持续供应链 (SSC) 中采用 BT 相关的潜在障碍。这种方法的开发是为了模拟经济、社会和环境相关障碍（例如能源消耗）及其相应的风险因素如何相互关联。为了对通过文献综述确定的障碍之间的因果关系（CR）进行建模，所提出的方法中嵌入了 Z 数理论提出的模糊认知图。然后，采用混合学习算法来确定障碍的重要性。由于信息的可靠性影响决策的准确性，Z数理论同时运用不确定性和可靠性来确定风险因素的取值和CR的权重。利用学习算法和 Z 数理论，与故障模式和影响分析相比，研究结果显示出可靠且公正的排名。这有助于管理者制定更有效的缓解策略来应对关键障碍。研究结果还表明，采用成本、额外审计和监管不确定性是影响 SSC 准备情况的关键障碍。