The teaching-learning process, both in general and in the specialty of Music Education, has evolved and its explanatory models have become increasingly complex. In view of current challenges, it is relevant to analyse the elements that are considered necessary to train music teachers to become competent professionals. This study identifies characteristics found in specialised Spanish and international scientific literature on teaching-learning processes in music teacher education, referring to their current state as well as to desirable developments and future prospects. Although a certain overlap among emergent categories in Spain and those in other countries can be observed, we also found differences of degree, as well as interesting divergences.

音乐教育的一般教学过程和专业教学过程都在不断发展，其解释模型也变得越来越复杂。鉴于当前的挑战，有必要分析将音乐教师培养成为合格专业人士所必需的要素。本研究确定了西班牙和国际专业科学文献中关于音乐教师教育教学过程的特征，涉及其当前状态以及理想的发展和未来前景。尽管可以观察到西班牙和其他国家的新兴类别之间存在一定的重叠，但我们也发现了程度的差异以及有趣的分歧。