:: Cancer is a complex disease characterized by the uncontrolled and unregulated growth of cells followed by invasion and proliferation from the site of origin to other sites of the body. Conventional chemotherapy largely kills rapidly expanding and dividing cancer cells by impairing DNA synthesis and mitosis. It is associated with various types of adverse effects ranging from simple nausea and appetite loss to serious ones like bone marrow depression and compromised immunity etc., due to their non-selectivity and inability to differentiate. The ideal feature of a delivery system is delivering the drug to the target place to achieve the most therapeutic impact while having the least toxicity. With the advent of novel drug delivery systems, it has been easier to deliver the drug to the target site. Utilizing new techniques and technology makes it a feasible approach to target cancer cells. Nanoemulsions are isotropic mixtures of transparent or translucent oil globules dispersed in an aqueous phase that is kinetically stable and supported by an interfacial coating of surfactant and co-surfactant molecules with droplet sizes in the nanometre range. Nanoemulsions are the delivery system of choice in case of cancer because of certain key attributes, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, large surface area nonimmunogenicity, and release behavior control. At the same time, nanoemulsions have been engineered for various reasons, including enhanced biological half-life, target-specific binding ability, and imaging capability at different therapy levels by modifying the characteristics of nanoemulsions. This review focuses on current cancer treatment challenges and the role of nanoemulsions in treating cancer with their production methods, characterization methods, application, and quality attributes, which would help them make it to the clinics where cancer treatment is going on.

中文翻译：

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纳米乳剂是一种用于肿瘤靶向治疗的输送系统：评估和表征以应对临床挑战

* 癌症是一种复杂的疾病，其特征是细胞生长不受控制和不受调节，随后从起源部位侵袭和扩散到身体的其他部位。传统化疗主要通过损害 DNA 合成和有丝分裂来杀死快速扩张和分裂的癌细胞。由于其非选择性和无法区分，它与各种类型的不良反应相关，从简单的恶心和食欲不振到严重的骨髓抑制和免疫力受损等。输送系统的理想特征是将药物输送到目标位置，以实现最大的治疗效果，同时具有最小的毒性。随着新型药物输送系统的出现，将药物输送到目标部位变得更加容易。利用新技术和新技术使其成为靶向癌细胞的可行方法。纳米乳液是分散在水相中的透明或半透明油球的各向同性混合物，其动力学稳定，并由液滴尺寸在纳米范围内的表面活性剂和助表面活性剂分子的界面涂层支撑。纳米乳剂因其某些关键属性而成为癌症治疗的首选递送系统，包括生物降解性、生物相容性、大表面积非免疫原性和释放行为控制。同时，出于多种原因对纳米乳剂进行了设计，包括通过改变纳米乳剂的特性来增强生物半衰期、靶标特异性结合能力以及不同治疗水平的成像能力。本综述重点关注当前癌症治疗的挑战以及纳米乳剂在治疗癌症中的作用及其生产方法、表征方法、应用和质量属性，这将有助于它们进入癌症治疗的临床。