Zeolite Y is the active phase of the modern fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst. However, a functional and active FCC catalyst comprises, in addition to zeolite Y, matrices and a binder that introduce some levels of synergistic interaction between the catalyst components, impacting its activity. This study investigates the interactive properties of a zeolite-matrix-binder composite on a typical FCC catalyst using various characterization techniques. Characterization of synthesized FCC catalyst samples reveals changes in the structural composition of zeolite Y dependent upon the type and ratio of binder materials. The binder is important in the crystallization of the final composite. Acidic binder induces dealumination of zeolite, leading to amorphization, loss of Brønsted acid sites, framework structure impairment, and the formation of defective sites. TEM indicates the formation of zeolite-matrix interfaces upon binding of zeolite by the matrix. Depending on the extent and severity of thermal processing, the clay–alumina–silica binder undergoes dehydroxylation to varying degrees by cross-linking of terminal hydroxyl groups between neighboring binder particles, which contributes to the increased thermal and mechanical stability of the bound catalysts.

中文翻译：

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阐明 FCC 催化剂组分的相互作用：基质和粘合剂对沸石结构的离散作用

Y 沸石是现代流化床催化裂化 (FCC) 催化剂的活性相。然而，功能性和活性 FCC 催化剂除了 Y 型沸石之外，还包含基质和粘合剂，它们在催化剂组分之间引入一定程度的协同相互作用，从而影响其活性。本研究利用各种表征技术研究了沸石-基质-粘合剂复合材料在典型 FCC 催化剂上的相互作用特性。合成 FCC 催化剂样品的表征揭示了 Y 沸石结构组成的变化，具体取决于粘合剂材料的类型和比例。粘合剂对于最终复合材料的结晶非常重要。酸性粘合剂会引起沸石脱铝，导致非晶化、布朗斯台德酸位点损失、骨架结构受损以及缺陷位点的形成。 TEM 表明沸石与基质结合后沸石-基质界面的形成。根据热处理的程度和严重程度，粘土-氧化铝-二氧化硅粘合剂通过相邻粘合剂颗粒之间末端羟基的交联而经历不同程度的脱羟基，这有助于提高所粘合催化剂的热稳定性和机械稳定性。