Honeybees are vital for global crop pollination, making indispensable contributions to agricultural productivity. However, these vital insects are currently facing escalating colony losses on a global scale, primarily attributed to parasitic and pathogenic attacks. The prevalent response to combat these infections may involve the use of antibiotics. Nevertheless, the application of antibiotics raises concerns regarding potential adverse effects such as antibiotic resistance and imbalances in the gut microbiota of bees. In response to these challenges, this study reviews the utilization of a probiotic-supplemented pollen substitute diet to promote honeybee gut health, enhance immunity, and overall well-being. We systematically explore various probiotic strains and their impacts on critical parameters, including survival rate, colony strength, honey and royal jelly production, and the immune response of bees. By doing so, we emphasize the significance of maintaining a balanced gut microbial community in honeybees. The review also scrutinizes the factors influencing the gut microbial communities of bees, elucidates the consequences of dysbiosis, and evaluates the potential of probiotics to mitigate these challenges. Additionally, it delineates different delivery mechanisms for probiotic supplementation and elucidates their positive effects on diverse health parameters of honeybees. Given the alarming decline in honeybee populations and the consequential threat to global food security, this study provides valuable insights into sustainable practices aimed at supporting honeybee populations and enhancing agricultural productivity.

蜜蜂对于全球农作物授粉至关重要，为农业生产力做出了不可或缺的贡献。然而，这些重要的昆虫目前在全球范围内面临着不断增加的群体损失，这主要归因于寄生和病原体的攻击。对抗这些感染的普遍反应可能涉及使用抗生素。然而，抗生素的应用引起了人们对潜在不利影响的担忧，例如抗生素耐药性和蜜蜂肠道微生物群的失衡。为了应对这些挑战，本研究回顾了利用补充益生菌的花粉替代饮食来促进蜜蜂肠道健康、增强免疫力和整体健康的情况。我们系统地探索各种益生菌菌株及其对关键参数的影响，包括存活率、菌落强度、蜂蜜和蜂王浆产量以及蜜蜂的免疫反应。通过这样做，我们强调了维持蜜蜂肠道微生物群落平衡的重要性。该综述还仔细研究了影响蜜蜂肠道微生物群落的因素，阐明了生态失调的后果，并评估了益生菌缓解这些挑战的潜力。此外，它还描述了益生菌补充剂的不同输送机制，并阐明了它们对蜜蜂各种健康参数的积极影响。鉴于蜜蜂数量的惊人下降以及对全球粮食安全的威胁，这项研究为旨在支持蜜蜂数量和提高农业生产力的可持续实践提供了宝贵的见解。