Cancer is a major health problem worldwide, which is responsible for more than 10 million deaths annually. Cancer treatment has traditionally been based on chemotherapy and surgery; however, owing to cytotoxicity, drug resistance, and non-specificity, cancer immunotherapy, which involves using the patient’s own immune system in treatment, has recently gained prominence as a new cancer treatment strategy. Cancer immunotherapy includes strategies such as adoptive T-cell therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, and cancer vaccines, all of which have shown significant anticancer effects. To improve the therapeutic effectiveness and safety and lower the side effects of these strategies, nano- and micro-technologies are being applied to advance the technology. Several studies have reported the use of liposomes (i.e., lipid nanoparticles) in the context of cancer treatment. Liposomes, which are excellent carriers with biocompatibility, amphiphilicity, and drug protection, can be used for passive and active targeting to enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize cancer immunotherapy and discusses the strategies and benefits of using various liposomes in cancer immunotherapy.

癌症是世界范围内的一个主要健康问题，每年导致超过 1000 万人死亡。传统上，癌症治疗以化疗和手术为基础。然而，由于细胞毒性、耐药性和非特异性，利用患者自身免疫系统进行治疗的癌症免疫疗法最近作为一种新的癌症治疗策略而受到关注。癌症免疫疗法包括过继性T细胞疗法、免疫检查点阻断和癌症疫苗等策略，所有这些策略都显示出显着的抗癌效果。为了提高治疗效果和安全性并降低这些策略的副作用，正在应用纳米和微米技术来推进该技术。几项研究报告了脂质体（即脂质纳米颗粒）在癌症治疗中的使用。脂质体是具有生物相容性、两亲性和药物保护作用的优良载体，可用于被动和主动靶向，以增强癌症免疫治疗的有效性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了癌症免疫治疗，并讨论了在癌症免疫治疗中使用各种脂质体的策略和益处。