Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptomatology differs between females and males, yet the contribution of sex on sleep problems needs further analysis. Here, we aimed to investigate sex-specific patterns in the relationship between sleep problems, assessed using the Parkinson’s disease sleep scale (PDSS-2), non motor symptoms (NMS), measured by the NMS scale (NMSS), and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), evaluated by the Parkinson’s disease questionnaire (PDQ-39), in a large cohort of PD patients. One-hundred-fifty-four PD patients were included in the study. Female PD patients (n = 62) exhibited a higher prevalence of sleep problems than males (n = 92), with nocturnal motor-related sleep issues being the most frequent. Sleep disturbances differently correlated with a range of NMS between the two sexes. In females, sleep problems mostly correlated with pain; on the other hand, sleep disturbances were linked to a frailer phenotype characterized by global dysautonomia, perception disturbances, and impaired cognitive function in males. Whether female PD patients experienced a lower HR-QoL than males, sleep disturbances were associated with a worse HR-QoL in both sexes. In conclusion, sleep problems in PD differently burden the two sexes, suggesting possible different etiopathogenesis, diagnostic investigations, and possibly tailored approaches.

中文翻译：

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帕金森病相关非运动症状的性别差异：关注睡眠问题

摘要

女性和男性的帕金森病 (PD) 症状有所不同，但性别对睡眠问题的影响需要进一步分析。在这里，我们的目的是调查睡眠问题（使用帕金森病睡眠量表（PDSS-2）评估）、非运动症状（NMS）（使用 NMS 量表（NMSS）测量）和健康相关问题之间关系的性别特异性模式。通过帕金森病问卷 (PDQ-39) 在一大群帕金森病患者中评估生活质量 (HR-QoL)。该研究纳入了 154 名 PD 患者。女性 PD 患者 (n = 62) 的睡眠问题患病率高于男性 (n = 92)，其中与夜间运动相关的睡眠问题最为常见。两性之间，睡眠障碍与一系列 NMS 存在不同的相关性。对于女性来说，睡眠问题主要与疼痛有关；另一方面，睡眠障碍与男性的体弱表型有关，其特征是全身自主神经功能障碍、知觉障碍和认知功能受损。无论女性 PD 患者的 HR-QoL 是否低于男性，睡眠障碍都与两性较差的 HR-QoL 相关。总之，帕金森病的睡眠问题给两性带来了不同的负担，这表明可能有不同的发病机制、诊断研究和可能的定制方法。