Rangelands face threats from climate and land-use change, including inappropriate climate change mitigation initiatives such as tree planting in grassy ecosystems. The marginalization and impoverishment of rangeland communities and their indigenous knowledge systems, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, are additional major challenges. To address these issues, we propose the wilder rangelands integrated framework, co-developed by South African and European scientists from diverse disciplines, as an opportunity to address the climate, livelihood, and biodiversity challenges in the world’s rangelands. More specifically, we present a Theory of Change to guide the design, monitoring, and evaluation of wilder rangelands. Through this, we aim to promote rangeland restoration, where local communities collaborate with regional and international actors to co-create new rangeland use models that simultaneously mitigate the impacts of climate change, restore biodiversity, and improve both ecosystem functioning and livelihoods.

牧场面临气候和土地利用变化的威胁，包括不适当的气候变化缓解举措，例如在草地生态系统中植树。牧场社区及其本土知识系统的边缘化和贫困，以及生物多样性和生态系统服务的丧失，是另外的重大挑战。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了由南非和欧洲不同学科的科学家共同开发的荒野牧场综合框架，以此作为解决世界牧场气候、生计和生物多样性挑战的机会。更具体地说，我们提出了一种变革理论来指导荒野牧场的设计、监测和评估。通过这一点，我们的目标是促进牧场恢复，当地社区与区域和国际参与者合作，共同创建新的牧场利用模式，同时减轻气候变化的影响，恢复生物多样性，并改善生态系统功能和生计。