ABSTRACT: Microalgal-bacterial symbiotic wastewater treatment systems (MBSWTSs) have received widespread attention due to their capacity to achieve high pollutant removal efficiency during wastewater treatment, with low energy consumption requirements, efficient carbon sequestration, and wastewater resource utilization. This paper provides an overview of the treatment performance and current research status of MBSWTSs, including a detailed summary of the mechanisms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon removal by MBSWTSs and the interactions between bacteria and microalgae. In particular, this review focuses on the influence of operational parameters on the regulation of the symbiotic system, such as the microalgal:bacterial ratio, N:P ratio, external carbon source, dissolved oxygen concentration, aeration mode, and light availability. Among these factors, the microalgal:bacterial ratio, carbon source, and light availability have an important influence on microalgal-bacterial competition, as well as the trophic mode of the system, biomass production, and the capacity for the process to be practically applied on a large scale. MBSWTSs still have some challenging aspects that have hindered their development and application, such as the unknown mechanism of microalgal-bacterial co-metabolism, limited previous practical applications, algal contamination, and harvesting difficulties. To overcome these challenges, future research requires a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating life sciences, material science, and other disciplines. Comprehensive research should be conducted on the metabolic mechanisms of MBSWTSs, the optimization of process performance and waste resource utilization, providing a theoretical and practical foundation for the practical application of MBSWTSs.

中文翻译：

---

微藻-细菌共生废水处理系统中细菌与微藻的相互作用：机制及影响因素

摘要：微藻-细菌共生废水处理系统（MBSWTS）因其在废水处理过程中能够实现高污染物去除效率、低能耗要求、高效固碳和废水资源化利用而受到广泛关注。本文概述了MBSWTS的处理性能和研究现状，包括MBSWTS去除氮、磷、碳的机制以及细菌和微藻之间的相互作用的详细总结。特别是，本综述重点关注操作参数对共生系统调节的影响，例如微藻：细菌比率、N：P比率、外部碳源、溶解氧浓度、曝气模式和光利用率。其中，微藻与细菌的比例、碳源和光利用率对微藻-细菌的竞争、系统的营养模式、生物量生产以及该过程实际应用的能力有重要影响。规模很大。 MBSWTS仍然存在一些阻碍其发展和应用的挑战，例如微藻-细菌共代谢机制的未知、先前的实际应用有限、藻类污染和收获困难。为了克服这些挑战，未来的研究需要采用多学科方法，结合生命科学、材料科学和其他学科。应对MBSWTS的代谢机制、工艺性能优化和废物资源化利用进行综合研究，为MBSWTS的实际应用提供理论和实践基础。