Summary: Biological characteristics of tumors are heterogeneous, forming spectra in terms of several factors such as age at onset, anatomic spatial localization, tumor subtyping, and the degree of tumor aggressiveness (encompassing a neoplastic property spectrum). Instead of blindly using dichotomized approaches, the application of the multicategorical and continuous analysis approaches to detailed cancer spectrum data can contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of cancer, ultimately leading to effective prevention and precision oncology. We provide examples of cancer spectra and emphasize the importance of integrating the cancer spectrum theory into large-scale population cancer research.

中文翻译：

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癌症谱理论

摘要：肿瘤的生物学特征是异质的，根据发病年龄、解剖空间定位、肿瘤亚型和肿瘤侵袭性程度（包括肿瘤特性谱）等多种因素形成谱。不是盲目地使用二分法，而是对详细的癌症谱数据应用多类别和连续分析方法可以有助于更好地了解癌症的病因，最终实现有效的预防和精准肿瘤学。我们提供了癌症谱的例子，并强调将癌症谱理论融入大规模人群癌症研究的重要性。