Phloem-feeding insects include many important agricultural pests that cause crop damage globally, either through feeding-related damage or upon transmission of viruses and microbes that cause plant diseases. With genetic crop resistances being limited to most of these pests, control relies on insecticides, which are costly and damaging to the environment and to which insects can develop resistance. Like other plant parasites, phloem-feeding insects deliver effectors inside their host plants to promote susceptibility, most likely by a combination of suppressing immunity and promoting nutrient availability. The recent emergence of the effector paradigm in plant–insect interactions is highlighted by increasing availability of effector repertoires for a range of species and a broadening of our knowledge concerning effector functions. Here, we focus on recent progress made toward identification of effector repertoires from phloem-feeding insects and developments in effector biology that will advance functional characterization studies. Importantly, identification of effector activities from herbivorous insects promises to provide new avenues toward development of crop protection strategies.

Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.

以韧皮部为食的昆虫包括许多重要的农业害虫，这些害虫要么通过与取食相关的损害，要么通过传播导致植物病害的病毒和微生物，在全球范围内造成作物损害。由于大多数害虫的基因作物抗性仅限于杀虫剂，杀虫剂成本高昂，对环境有害，而且昆虫会产生抗药性。与其他植物寄生虫一样，以韧皮部为食的昆虫在宿主植物内部传递效应子以提高易感性，最有可能是通过抑制免疫力和促进营养可用性的结合。最近植物-昆虫相互作用中效应器范例的出现，通过一系列物种的效应器库的可用性的增加以及我们关于效应器功能的知识的拓宽而得到强调。在这里，我们重点关注在识别韧皮部昆虫效应器库方面取得的最新进展，以及效应器生物学的发展，这将推进功能表征研究。重要的是，食草昆虫效应活性的鉴定有望为作物保护策略的发展提供新途径。

版权所有 © 2024 作者。这是一篇根据 CC BY 4.0 国际许可证分发的开放获取文章。