Plant diversity and productivity, two crucial properties that sustain ecosystem structures, functions, and services, are intrinsically linked to numerous ecological fields, making productivity–richness relationships (PRR) a central ecological concern. Despite extensive research from the Darwinian era to the 21st century, the various shapes of PRR and their underlying theories have sparked ongoing debates. While several processes, theories, and integrative models have been proposed to explain PRR, a comprehensive understanding of the types of PRR, the effects of these processes on plant productivity and richness, and the relationships between PRR shapes remains elusive. This paper proposes a new integrative framework that focuses on these aspects, aiming to elucidate the diverse shapes of PRR and their interconnections. We review recent integrative methods that explain the roles of processes and the varying shapes in PRR to support this new framework. The paper traces the distinct phases in PRR research, including the discovery of PRR shapes, tests of influencing processes, and integrative research. We discuss the application of the Structural Equation Model (SEM), Statistical Dynamical Model (SDM), and Differential Dynamical Model (DDM) in integrative research. This integrative framework can guide theoretical and applied ecologists in identifying, deriving, explaining, and predicting the interconnected but distinct shapes of PRR. The humped, asymptotic, positive, negative, and irregular shapes of PRR are interconnected, with one shape potentially transforming into another. The balance between the positive and negative effects of different processes determines the different shapes of PRR, ultimately leading to a globally positive effect of plant diversity on plant productivity and other ecosystem functions.

中文翻译：

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解释植物生产力与丰富度关系的多个过程的综合框架

植物多样性和生产力是维持生态系统结构、功能和服务的两个关键属性，与众多生态领域有着内在的联系，使得生产力-丰富度关系（PRR）成为生态问题的核心。尽管从达尔文时代到 21 世纪进行了广泛的研究，但 PRR 的各种形式及其基本理论仍然引发了持续的争论。虽然已经提出了几种过程、理论和综合模型来解释 PRR，但对 PRR 类型、这些过程对植物生产力和丰富度的影响以及 PRR 形状之间的关系的全面理解仍然难以捉摸。本文提出了一个新的综合框架，重点关注这些方面，旨在阐明 PRR 的不同形式及其相互联系。我们回顾了最近的综合方法，这些方法解释了 PRR 中流程的作用和不同的形状，以支持这个新框架。本文追溯了 PRR 研究的不同阶段，包括 PRR 形状的发现、影响过程的测试和综合研究。我们讨论结构方程模型（SEM）、统计动力学模型（SDM）和微分动力学模型（DDM）在综合研究中的应用。这个综合框架可以指导理论和应用生态学家识别、推导、解释和预测相互关联但又不同的 PRR 形状。 PRR 的驼峰形状、渐近形状、正形状、负形状和不规则形状是相互关联的，一种形状有可能转变为另一种形状。不同过程的正负效应之间的平衡决定了PRR的不同形状，最终导致植物多样性对植物生产力和其他生态系统功能产生全球性的积极影响。