Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have made significant progress in the basic theoretical field since their invention in the 1970s. However, performance instability during continuous processing, such as thermal history, residual stress accumulation, and columnar grain epitaxial growth, consistently hinders their broad application in standardized industrial production. To overcome these challenges, performance-control-oriented hybrid AM (HAM) technologies have been introduced. These technologies, by leveraging external auxiliary processes, aim to regulate microstructural evolution and mechanical properties during metal AM. This paper provides a systematic and detailed review of performance-control-oriented HAM technology, which is categorized into two main groups: energy field-assisted AM (EFed AM, e.g. ultrasonic, electromagnetic, and heat) technologies and interlayer plastic deformation-assisted AM (IPDed AM, e.g. laser shock peening, rolling, ultrasonic peening, and friction stir process) technologies. This review covers the influence of external energy fields on the melting, flow, and solidification behavior of materials, and the regulatory effects of interlayer plastic deformation on grain refinement, nucleation, and recrystallization. Furthermore, the role of performance-control-oriented HAM technologies in managing residual stress conversion, metallurgical defect closure, mechanical property improvement, and anisotropy regulation is thoroughly reviewed and discussed. The review concludes with an analysis of future development trends in EFed AM and IPDed AM technologies.

中文翻译：

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以性能控制为导向的混合金属增材制造技术：最新技术、挑战和未来趋势

金属增材制造（AM）技术自20世纪70年代发明以来，在基础理论领域取得了重大进展。然而，连续加工过程中的性能不稳定，如热历史、残余应力积累和柱状晶外延生长，一直阻碍着它们在标准化工业生产中的广泛应用。为了克服这些挑战，引入了以性能控制为导向的混合增材制造（HAM）技术。这些技术通过利用外部辅助工艺，旨在调节金属增材制造过程中的微观结构演变和机械性能。本文对以性能控制为导向的HAM技术进行了系统而详细的综述，该技术主要分为两大类：能量场辅助增材制造（EFed AM，例如超声波、电磁和热）技术和层间塑性变形辅助增材制造技术（IPDed AM，例如激光冲击喷丸、滚压、超声波喷丸和搅拌摩擦工艺）技术。本综述涵盖了外部能量场对材料熔化、流动和凝固行为的影响，以及层间塑性变形对晶粒细化、成核和再结晶的调节作用。此外，还深入回顾和讨论了以性能控制为导向的 HAM 技术在管理残余应力转换、冶金缺陷闭合、机械性能改善和各向异性调节方面的作用。该评论最后分析了 EFed AM 和 IPDed AM 技术的未来发展趋势。