In this paper, a piezoelectric energy harvester composed of a buckled beam and an extended beam with a tip mass is proposed. This study develops a mathematical model and a prototype of the energy harvester. The performance of the energy harvester is influenced by the axial load applied at the end of the buckled beam. Under an axial force below the critical load, the energy harvester exhibits a pre-buckling state with a hardening nonlinear characteristic. Conversely, when the axial force exceeds the critical load, a post-buckling state with a softening nonlinear characteristic is observed. Simulation results are validated through experiments, and the relationship between axial displacement and axial force is obtained through experimental data. Moreover, increasing the tip mass enhances the output voltage under the same acceleration. The energy harvester demonstrates superior performance in terms of output power and strain distribution compared to a cantilever counterpart.

中文翻译：

---

不同轴向预紧力下屈曲梁压电能量收集器的设计与分析

本文提出了一种由屈曲梁和带有尖端质量的延伸梁组成的压电能量收集器。这项研究开发了能量收集器的数学模型和原型。能量采集器的性能受到屈曲梁端部施加的轴向载荷的影响。在低于临界载荷的轴向力下，能量收集器表现出具有硬化非线性特性的预屈曲状态。相反，当轴向力超过临界载荷时，会观察到具有软化非线性特性的后屈曲状态。通过实验验证了仿真结果，并通过实验数据得到了轴向位移与轴向力的关系。此外，增加尖端质量可以提高相同加速度下的输出电压。与悬臂梁相比，能量采集器在输出功率和应变分布方面表现出卓越的性能。