This article contributes to the Comparative Political Economy discourse on countries’ export specialization transitions. While current growth model literature often highlights producer coalitions’ influence, we present a complementary perspective emphasizing industrial policies. These policies, we argue, are not solely shaped by politics but are also deeply influenced by sectoral technological capabilities. By strategically engaging in both demand and supply-side sectoral innovation processes, industrial policies deepen existing technological capabilities with spillover effects into new sectors or foster new sector-specific capabilities. Our empirical analysis comprises two main steps. First, we create export profiles for eight European nations, using OECD TiVA data from 1995 to 2018. These profiles are categorized based on their technological and innovation content. Second, we identify significant shifts in export structures within Ireland, Sweden and Spain. Through thorough case studies, we illustrate the role of industrial policies in cultivating sector-specific technological capabilities.

中文翻译：

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各国如何转变出口专业化？爱尔兰、西班牙和瑞典技术能力和产业政策的作用（1995-2018）

本文有助于比较政治经济学关于国家出口专业化转型的论述。虽然当前的增长模型文献经常强调生产者联盟的影响，但我们提出了强调产业政策的补充观点。我们认为，这些政策不仅受政治影响，而且还深受部门技术能力的影响。通过战略性地参与需求方和供给方的部门创新过程，产业政策深化现有技术能力，并对新部门产生溢出效应，或培育新的特定部门能力。我们的实证分析包括两个主要步骤。首先，我们使用 1995 年至 2018 年 OECD TiVA 数据创建八个欧洲国家的出口概况。这些概况根据其技术和创新内容进行分类。其次，我们发现爱尔兰、瑞典和西班牙出口结构发生了重大变化。通过深入的案例研究，我们阐释了产业政策在培养特定行业技术能力方面的作用。