Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is gaining interest due to the recent development of vaccines, but it is still misdiagnosed in the elderly. The primary objective was to compare all-cause mortality at day 30. Secondary objectives were to compare clinical presentation, and rates of consolidative pneumonia, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods Single-centre retrospective study conducted in a French university hospital during 7 epidemic seasons. All patients aged ≥75 years were included. Results 558 patients were included: 125 with RSV and 433 with Influenza. Median age was 84.8 years. RSV patients had more respiratory symptoms (wheezing, dyspnea), whereas Influenza patients had more general symptoms (fever, asthenia, myalgia). Consolidative pneumonia (28.8% vs. 17.2%; p = 0.004), hospitalization rates (83.2% vs. 70%; p = 0.003), ICU admissions (7.2% vs. 3.0%; p = 0.034) and length of stay (9 days [2-16] vs. 5 days [0-12]; p = 0.002), were higher in the RSV group. Mortality rates at day 30 were comparable (RSV 9.6%, Influenza 9.7%; p = 0.973). Conclusions This study included the largest cohort of RSV-infected patients aged over 75, documented in-depth thus far. RSV shares a comparable mortality rate with Influenza but is associated with higher rates of consolidative pneumonia, hospitalization, ICU admissions, and extended hospital stays.

中文翻译：

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呼吸道合胞病毒与流感病毒感染：老年人口 7 个流行季节的死亡率和发病率比较

背景 由于最近疫苗的开发，呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染引起了人们的关注，但在老年人中仍然被误诊。主要目标是比较第 30 天的全因死亡率。次要目标是比较临床表现以及合并肺炎、住院和重症监护病房 (ICU) 入住率。方法在法国某大学医院7个流行季节进行单中心回顾性研究。所有年龄≥75岁的患者均被纳入。结果 纳入 558 名患者：125 名 RSV 患者和 433 名流感患者。中位年龄为 84.8 岁。 RSV 患者有更多的呼吸道症状（喘息、呼吸困难），而流感患者有更多的全身症状（发烧、乏力、肌痛）。巩固性肺炎（28.8% vs. 17.2%；p = 0.004）、住院率（83.2% vs. 70%；p = 0.003）、ICU 入院率（7.2% vs. 3.0%；p = 0.034）和住院时间（9天 [2-16] 与 5 天 [0-12]；p = 0.002），RSV 组较高。第 30 天的死亡率相当（RSV 9.6%，流感 9.7%；p = 0.973）。结论 这项研究包括迄今为止有深入记录的最大的 75 岁以上 RSV 感染患者队列。 RSV 的死亡率与流感相当，但与合并性肺炎、住院、入住 ICU 和延长住院时间的发生率较高有关。