The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is critical for assessing water quality, linking the quantity of biodegradable organic carbon with pollution levels. Electrochemical biosensors have shown great improvements over traditional BOD measurement methods by offering the advantages of simplicity, rapid response, high sensitivity, and real-time monitoring. In this review, we discuss different types of BOD electrochemical biosensors, including oxygen electrode-, microbial fuel cell (MFC)-, and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC)-type sensors, focusing on recent advances in microbial community composition, electrode materials, and optimization approaches. Moreover, current challenges in developing effective electrochemical biosensors for BOD detection are presented to meet diverse sample needs.

中文翻译：

---

电化学生化需氧量生物传感器及其在水环境监测中的应用

生化需氧量 (BOD) 对于评估水质至关重要，它将可生物降解的有机碳的数量与污染水平联系起来。电化学生物传感器比传统的BOD测量方法有了很大的改进，具有简单、响应快速、灵敏度高、实时监测等优点。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了不同类型的 BOD 电化学生物传感器，包括氧电极型、微生物燃料电池 (MFC) 型和微生物电解池 (MEC) 型传感器，重点关注微生物群落组成、电极材料和优化方法。此外，还提出了当前开发用于 BOD 检测的有效电化学生物传感器以满足不同样品需求的挑战。