The balance between maintaining and enhancing the health, quality of life, and healthy life expectancy of the elderly and their corresponding social costs, including medical and long-term care expenses, is an important policy issue in the context of Japan’s super-aging society. In this paper, we employ individual panel data from the four waves of the to examine how retirement from the labor market affects the health of elderly males. Numerous empirical studies have shown mixed results concerning the causal effect of retirement on health through diverse and complex mechanisms. However, we present several new insights by focusing on the policy change in 2000 of raising the pensionable age for the earnings-related public pension system which completely eliminates pension income after the statutory retirement age for particular cohorts. Our fixed-effects instrumental variable estimation shows that retirement significantly improves oral function and mental health, but it also makes male retirees more susceptible to lifestyle-related diseases. Supplemental results further suggest that a significant increase in dental care utilization would help improve post-retirement oral function.

中文翻译：

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退休对健康的影响：来自日本公共养老金年龄变化的经验证据

维持和增强老年人的健康、生活质量和健康预期寿命与其相应的社会成本（包括医疗和长期护理费用）之间的平衡，是日本超级老龄化社会背景下的重要政策问题。在本文中，我们利用四波浪潮中的个人面板数据来研究从劳动力市场退休如何影响老年男性的健康。大量实证研究通过多样化和复杂的机制显示了关于退休对健康的因果影响的好坏参半的结果。然而，我们通过关注2000年提高与收入相关的公共养老金制度的领取养老金年龄的政策变化，提出了一些新的见解，该政策完全取消了特定群体法定退休年龄后的养老金收入。我们的固定效应工具变量估计表明，退休显着改善了口腔功能和心理健康，但也使男性退休人员更容易患上与生活方式相关的疾病。补充结果进一步表明，牙科护理利用率的显着增加将有助于改善退休后的口腔功能。