Chronic wounds have gradually evolved into a global health challenge, comprising long-term non-healing wounds, local tissue necrosis, and even amputation in severe cases. Accordingly, chronic wounds place a considerable psychological and economic burden on patients and society. Chronic wounds have multifaceted pathogenesis involving excessive inflammation, insufficient angiogenesis, and elevated reactive oxygen species levels, with bacterial infection playing a crucial role. Hydrogels, renowned for their excellent biocompatibility, moisture retention, swelling properties, and oxygen permeability, have emerged as promising wound repair dressings. However, hydrogels with singular functions fall short of addressing the complex requirements associated with chronic wound healing. Hence, current research emphasises the development of multifunctional antibacterial hydrogels. This article reviews chronic wound characteristics and the properties and classification of antibacterial hydrogels, as well as their potential application in chronic wound management.

中文翻译：

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用于慢性伤口管理的多功能抗菌水凝胶

慢性伤口已逐渐演变成全球性的健康挑战，包括伤口长期不愈合、局部组织坏死，严重时甚至截肢。因此，慢性伤口给患者和社会带来相当大的心理和经济负担。慢性伤口的发病机制是多方面的，包括过度炎症、血管生成不足和活性氧水平升高，其中细菌感染起着至关重要的作用。水凝胶以其优异的生物相容性、保湿性、溶胀性和透氧性而闻名，已成为有前景的伤口修复敷料。然而，具有单一功能的水凝胶无法满足与慢性伤口愈合相关的复杂要求。因此，当前的研究重点是多功能抗菌水凝胶的开发。本文综述了慢性伤口的特征、抗菌水凝胶的性质和分类，以及它们在慢性伤口管理中的潜在应用。