The ability of an ecosystem to provide services differs from its actual consumption and use by human society. Overuse of ecosystems can degrade ecosystems. In order to evaluate the supply capacity and use status of the ecosystem in Miyun County, so as to better apply the ecosystem services to different policies and management, the supply and use of 10 types of ecosystem services in Miyun County were calculated by using value indicators, namely potential gross ecosystem product (GEP) and actual gross ecosystem product. The results show that: (1) In 2020, potential gross ecosystem product of Miyun County is 254.32 billion yuan, and actual gross ecosystem product is 53.28 billion yuan, accounting for 21% of the potential gross ecosystem product. (2) Among all kinds of ecosystem services, the contribution of water conservation services in potential gross ecosystem product is the highest, and the contribution of climate regulation services in actual gross ecosystem product is the highest. (3) The contribution of wetland was the highest in potential gross ecosystem product, while the contribution of forest was the highest in actual gross ecosystem product. (4) Natural ecosystem area and vegetation coverage are the main factors affecting potential gross ecosystem product, while actual gross ecosystem product is mainly affected by GDP and population. (5) By studying the potential supply and actual use of ecosystem services, we evaluated and distinguished between the services that ecosystem could produce and the services that were actually used by humans, and compared the supply capacity and actual use to assess the sustainability of ecosystem services, in order to formulate different policies and management measures for gross ecosystem product surplus and deficit regions. Potential gross ecosystem product could provide data support for the assessment of ecological protection benefits. Actual gross ecosystem product could be included in the system of national accounts, and as a standard for ecological compensation and ecological trading. Confusing potential supply and actual use in policy application would affect the effect of policy implementation, and distinguishing them could ensure policy implementation. The relative size of the relationship between the two could reflect the present and future levels of human well-being in a region. Both together provided management basis and policy-making support for guiding regional ecological protection and sustainable development.

中文翻译：

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密云县生态系统总产品核算：生态系统服务的供给和使用

生态系统提供服务的能力不同于人类社会对其的实际消费和使用。过度使用生态系统会导致生态系统退化。为了评价密云县生态系统的供给能力和利用状况，以便更好地将生态系统服务应用于不同的政策和管理，采用价值指标测算了密云县10类生态系统服务的供给和利用情况。 ，即潜在生态系统总产值（GEP）和实际生态系统总产值。结果表明：（1）2020年，密云县潜在生态系统总产值2543.2亿元，实际生态系统总产值532.8亿元，占潜在生态系统总产值的21%。 （2）各类生态系统服务中，水源涵养服务对潜在生态系统总产值的贡献最高，气候调节服务对实际生态系统总产值的贡献最高。 (3)湿地对潜在生态系统总产值的贡献最高,森林对实际生态系统总产值的贡献最高。 （4）自然生态系统面积和植被覆盖度是影响潜在生态系统总产值的主要因素，而实际生态系统总产值主要受GDP和人口影响。 （5）通过研究生态系统服务的潜在供给和实际使用，评估和区分生态系统能够产生的服务和人类实际使用的服务，并比较供给能力和实际使用，评估生态系统的可持续性对生态系统总产品盈余和赤字地区制定不同的政策和管理措施。潜在生态系统总产品可为生态保护效益评估提供数据支撑。实际生态系统总产值可纳入国民经济核算体系，并作为生态补偿和生态交易的标准。政策运用中混淆潜在供给和实际使用会影响政策实施的效果，区分两者才能保证政策的落实。两者之间关系的相对大小可以反映一个地区当前和未来人类福祉的水平。两者共同为指导区域生态保护和可持续发展提供了管理依据和政策支持。