Introduction: Self-production and outsourcing are two important production strategies for manufacturers, and the production capacity and investment capacity of manufacturers and suppliers play a decisive role in the quality of products. This study aims to analyze the manufacturer’s best production strategy and the drivers of outsourcing in the context of quality.Methods: This study constructs production outsourcing game models for duopoly manufacturers, examines the trade-offs between self-production and outsourcing when suppliers have the ability to invest in quality, explores the requirements and implications of outsourcing and compares the differences between “one-to-one” and “one-to-many” outsourcing structures.Results: First, outsourcing can reduce the level of product quality and that a necessary condition for manufacturers’ outsourcing is a strong advantage in the supplier’s production costs. Second, duopoly manufacturers may face a prisoner’s dilemma as a result of outsourcing. Finally, compared to two independent suppliers, outsourcing to a common supplier can increase the level of product quality by exploiting the centralization effect and increase the firm’s profits when the market’s competition intensity is low.Conclusion: First, the production strategy balance of duopoly manufacturers is closely related to the outsourcing structure, production efficiency and investment efficiency. Second, duopoly manufacturers choose outsourcing may fall into the prisoner’s dilemma, and outsourcing has the risk of quality reduction.

中文翻译：

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基于优质投资的双寡头厂商生产外包策略研究

简介：自产和外包是制造商两种重要的生产策略，制造商和供应商的生产能力和投资能力对产品质量起着决定性作用。本研究旨在分析质量背景下制造商的最佳生产策略和外包驱动因素。方法：本研究构建双寡头制造商的生产外包博弈模型，考察供应商有能力时自产与外包之间的权衡进行质量投资，探讨外包的要求和影响，比较“一对一”和“一对多”外包结构的差异。结果：首先，外包会降低产品质量水平，制造商外包的必要条件是供应商在生产成本方面具有强大的优势。其次，双头垄断制造商可能因外包而面临囚徒困境。最后，与两个独立供应商相比，外包给共同供应商可以利用集中效应提高产品质量水平，在市场竞争强度较低时增加企业利润。结论：首先，双寡头制造商的生产策略平衡为与外包结构、生产效率、投资效率密切相关。其次，双寡头厂商选择外包可能会陷入囚徒困境，外包存在质量下降的风险。