Lung cancer is a severe disease for which better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Increasing evidence implies that aberrant protein glycosylation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of lung cancer. Differences in glycosylation patterns have been previously observed between healthy and cancerous samples as well as between different lung cancer subtypes, which suggests untapped diagnostic potential. In addition, understanding the changes mediated by glycosylation may shed light on possible novel therapeutic targets and personalized treatment strategies for lung cancer patients. Mass spectrometry based glycomics and glycoproteomics have emerged as powerful tools for in‐depth characterization of changes in protein glycosylation, providing valuable insights into the molecular basis of lung cancer. This paper reviews the literature on the analysis of protein glycosylation in lung cancer using mass spectrometry, which is dominated by manuscripts published over the past 5 years. Studies analyzing N‐glycosylation, O‐glycosylation, and glycosaminoglycan patterns in tissue, serum, plasma, and rare biological samples of lung cancer patients are highlighted. The current knowledge on the potential utility of glycan and glycoprotein biomarkers is also discussed.

中文翻译：

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从质谱角度观察肺癌中的蛋白质糖基化

肺癌是一种严重的疾病，迫切需要更好的诊断和治疗方法。越来越多的证据表明异常的蛋白质糖基化在肺癌的发病机制和进展中起着至关重要的作用。之前已经观察到健康样本和癌症样本以及不同肺癌亚型之间糖基化模式的差异，这表明尚未开发的诊断潜力。此外，了解糖基化介导的变化可能有助于为肺癌患者提供可能的新治疗靶点和个性化治疗策略。基于质谱的糖组学和糖蛋白质组学已成为深入表征蛋白质糖基化变化的强大工具，为肺癌的分子基础提供了宝贵的见解。本文综述了利用质谱分析肺癌蛋白糖基化的文献，其中以过去5年发表的手稿为主。研究分析氮‐糖基化，氧‐强调了肺癌患者的组织、血清、血浆和稀有生物样本中的糖基化和糖胺聚糖模式。还讨论了目前关于聚糖和糖蛋白生物标志物潜在用途的知识。