This study evaluates the extent to which metropolitan racial segregation occurs between neighborhoods—from tract to tract—and within neighborhoods—from block to block—and is framed theoretically by Putnam's (2007) “hunkering down” hypothesis. Analyses are based on complete-count block, tract, and metropolitan data from the last four U.S. decennial censuses. We document recent patterns of block-to-block segregation between Whites and racial and ethnic minorities (Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics) and between different minority pairs. For example, roughly 40% of all metro Black–White segregation is due to segregation from block to block within neighborhoods. Among Asians, the between-neighborhood component of metropolitan segregation has increased over time but was largely compensated by declines in the within-neighborhood (or block) component. Metropolitan fixed-effects models show that trends and racial and ethnic differences in segregation—overall and within and between neighborhoods—are broadly observed across metro areas but are most evident in the largest, oldest, and most highly segregated metro areas. The results are robust to alternative estimates that adjust for differential privacy, metropolitan reclassification, and neighborhood boundary changes. Analyses of neighborhood change in Atlanta, Georgia, further reinforce the generality of our multiscale approach.

中文翻译：

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重新评估居住隔离的空间规模：社区内部和社区之间的种族变化

这项研究评估了大都市种族隔离在社区之间（从一个区域到另一个区域）以及社区内部（从一个街区到另一个街区）发生的程度，并以普特南（2007）的“蹲守”假设为理论框架。分析基于美国最近四次十年一次的人口普查的完整统计街区、地区和大都市数据。我们记录了白人与少数种族和族裔（黑人、亚洲人和西班牙裔）之间以及不同少数群体之间最近的街区隔离模式。例如，大约 40% 的地铁黑人与白人隔离是由于社区内街区之间的隔离造成的。在亚洲人中，随着时间的推移，大都市隔离的社区间成分有所增加，但在很大程度上被社区内（或街区内）隔离的减少所补偿。大都市固定效应模型显示，总体上以及社区内部和社区之间的种族隔离趋势和种族和民族差异在整个大都市地区都广泛存在，但在最大、最古老和种族隔离程度最高的大都市地区最为明显。结果对于针对差异隐私、大都市重新分类和邻里边界变化进行调整的替代估计是稳健的。对佐治亚州亚特兰大社区变化的分析进一步强化了我们多尺度方法的普遍性。