The surface topological features of bioimplants are among the key indicators for bone tissue replacement because they directly affect cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, we investigated the physical, electrochemical, and biological responses of sandblasted titanium (SB-Ti) surfaces with pore geometries fabricated using a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process. The PEO treatment was conducted at an applied voltage of 280 V in a solution bath consisting of 0.15 mol L−1 calcium acetate monohydrate and 0.02 mol L−1 calcium glycerophosphate for 3 min. The surface chemistry, wettability, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of PEO-treated sandblasted Ti implants using hydroxyapatite particles (PEO-SB-Ti) were improved with the distribution of calcium phosphorous porous oxide layers, and showed a homogeneous and hierarchically porous surface with clusters of nanopores in a bath containing calcium acetate monohydrate and calcium glycerophosphate. To demonstrate the efficacy of PEO-SB-Ti, we investigated whether the implant affects biological responses. The proposed PEO-SB-Ti were evaluated with the aim of obtaining a multifunctional bone replacement model that could efficiently induce osteogenic differentiation as well as antibacterial activities. These physical and biological responses suggest that the PEO-SB-Ti may have a great potential for use an artificial bone replacement compared to that of the controls.

中文翻译：

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使用等离子体电解氧化的 HA 喷砂钛种植螺钉的分级多孔表面：物理表征和生物反应

生物植入物的表面拓扑特征是骨组织替代的关键指标之一，因为它们直接影响细胞的形态、粘附、增殖和分化。在这项研究中，我们研究了采用等离子体电解氧化 (PEO) 工艺制造的具有孔隙几何形状的喷砂钛 (SB-Ti) 表面的物理、电化学和生物响应。 PEO处理在由0.15mol·L-1组成的溶液浴中在280V的施加电压下进行−1一水醋酸钙和0.02 mol L−1甘油磷酸钙 3 分钟。使用羟基磷灰石颗粒（PEO-SB-Ti）进行PEO处理的喷砂钛植入物的表面化学、润湿性、机械性能和腐蚀行为随着钙磷多孔氧化物层的分布而得到改善，并表现出均匀且具有簇的分级多孔表面含有一水醋酸钙和甘油磷酸钙的浴中的纳米孔。为了证明 PEO-SB-Ti 的功效，我们研究了植入物是否影响生物反应。对所提出的 PEO-SB-Ti 进行了评估，目的是获得能够有效诱导成骨分化和抗菌活性的多功能骨替代模型。这些物理和生物反应表明，与对照组相比，PEO-SB-Ti 可能具有用于人工骨替代的巨大潜力。