Research shows positive bystander intervention effectively mitigates bullying experiences. Yet, more evidence regarding bystander responses to bias‐based social exclusion (BSE) is needed in intergroup contexts, especially in the majority world and in areas of intractable conflict. This study assessed the effectiveness of skills and skills + contact‐based interventions for BSE among 148 Palestinian Citizens of Israel (Mage = 10.55) and 154 Jewish‐Israeli (Mage = 10.54) early adolescents (Girls = 52.32%) in Tel Aviv‐Yafo. Bystander responses were assessed by participants' reactions to hypothetical BSE scenarios over three time points. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed both interventions significantly increased positive and decreased negative bystander responses, with changes maintained at the follow‐up. The opposite result pattern emerged for the control group. Findings suggest that both interventions can effectively encourage youth to publicly challenge BSE, even amidst intractable conflict.

中文翻译：

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为何介入？通过对中东青年的干预来改变旁观者行为的理由

研究表明，积极的旁观者干预可以有效减轻欺凌经历。然而，在群体间背景下，特别是在多数世界和棘手冲突地区，需要更多关于旁观者对基于偏见的社会排斥（BSE）反应的证据。本研究评估了 148 名以色列巴勒斯坦公民中技能和技能 + 基于接触的干预措施对 BSE 的有效性（中号年龄 =10.55) 和 154 犹太裔以色列人 (中号年龄 =10.54）特拉维夫-雅法的青少年早期（女孩 = 52.32%）。通过参与者在三个时间点对假设的 BSE 场景的反应来评估旁观者的反应。重复测量方差分析显示，这两种干预措施均显着增加了旁观者的积极反应并减少了消极反应，并且在随访中保持了变化。对照组出现相反的结果模式。研究结果表明，这两种干预措施都可以有效地鼓励年轻人公开挑战疯牛病，即使是在棘手的冲突中。