Arizona toad (Anaxyrus microscaphus) is a stream‐breeding bufonid of conservation concern in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada. We determined the occupancy and habitat use of the Arizona toad throughout its range. We surveyed 500‐m reaches along perennial and intermittent streams during the summers of 2021 and 2022 (n = 232) in Arizona. We recorded the presence of all toad life stages, focusing on larval stages. We related toad occupancy to broadscale environmental variables, including measures of bioclimate, habitat heterogeneity, solar radiation, and topography. We collected fine‐scale variables to summarize vegetation cover and substrate within plots (n = 53). We applied multiple occupancy models. Single‐species model results found low toad occupancy with high detection. Two principal component analyses (PCA) were run on broadscale and fine‐scale variables to reduce the number of variables included in the models. Toad occupancy was best predicted by top models with bioclimatic components; occupancy decreases with extremely hot temperatures and less precipitation. A logistic regression related toad presence to fine‐scale components with top models describing riparian complexity and algae. Arizona toads were selected for areas with foliar canopy cover, shallow water, algae cover, and pebble substrates. Arizona toad is an uncommon species and maintaining riparian forests of complex habitats with shallow and side‐channel flow will be important for toad conservation. Implications of less water cause riparian habitat to dry, which ultimately harms aquatic life.

中文翻译：

---

大尺度和细尺度变量预测流面包蟾蜍的出现：亚利桑那蟾蜍（Anaxyrus microscaphus）的栖息地使用

亚利桑那蟾蜍（小肩龙）是一种在亚利桑那州、新墨西哥州、犹他州和内华达州受到保护的溪流繁殖蟾蜍。我们确定了亚利桑那蟾蜍在整个范围内的占用和栖息地利用情况。我们在 2021 年和 2022 年夏季沿常年河流和间歇性河流调查了 500 米河段（n= 232）在亚利桑那州。我们记录了蟾蜍所有生命阶段的存在，重点关注幼虫阶段。我们将蟾蜍的栖息地与大范围的环境变量联系起来，包括生物气候、栖息地异质性、太阳辐射和地形的测量。我们收集了精细尺度变量来总结地块内的植被覆盖和基质（n= 53）。我们应用了多种入住模型。单物种模型结果发现蟾蜍占有率低，检测率高。对大尺度和细尺度变量进行了两次主成分分析（PCA），以减少模型中包含的变量数量。具有生物气候成分的顶级模型可以最好地预测蟾蜍的占据情况；入住率会因气温极热和降水减少而下降。逻辑回归将蟾蜍的存在与精细尺度组件相关联，并使用描述河岸复杂性和藻类的顶级模型。亚利桑那蟾蜍被选择用于有叶冠覆盖、浅水、藻类覆盖和卵石基质的区域。亚利桑那蟾蜍是一种罕见的物种，维持具有浅水和侧河道水流的复杂栖息地的河岸森林对于蟾蜍保护非常重要。水量减少会导致河岸栖息地干燥，最终损害水生生物。