This review proposes, for the first time, a recent overview of ecological information involving electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) dedicated to sensing environmental and clinical situations. The options of manufacturing methods are screen printing, stencil printing, pencil drawing, laser scribing, inject-printing, and additive printing. We have covered ecological aspects such as resource efficiency, safety, and toxicity regarding using paper-based (bio) electrodes. To see the ecological impact of testing methods by using ePADs, the Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) approach was utilized as a greenness metric calculator model since the tool makes use of 12 principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. Positive and negative concepts from the revised values of AGREE metric of clinical and environmental analysis were introduced and discussed. Also, we finalize the present review informing the life cycle of ePAD and some challenges that can impact the next generation of disposable electrodes.

中文翻译：

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用于环境和临床分析的纸基电化学（生物）传感器绿色指标的最新成就

这篇综述首次提出了对涉及致力于传感环境和临床情况的电化学纸基分析装置（ePAD）的生态信息的最新概述。制造方法的选择有丝网印刷、模板印刷、铅笔画、激光划线、注射印刷和增材印刷。我们涵盖了与使用纸基（生物）电极有关的生态方面，例如资源效率、安全性和毒性。为了了解使用 ePAD 的测试方法对生态的影响，分析绿色度 (AGREE) 方法被用作绿色度度量计算器模型，因为该工具利用了绿色分析化学的 12 条原理。介绍并讨论了临床和环境分析 AGREE 指标修订值中的积极和消极概念。此外，我们还完成了当前的审查，告知 ePAD 的生命周期以及可能影响下一代一次性电极的一些挑战。