In recent years, the effective governance of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has become a strategic necessity for many nations. Among those nations, Canada is particularly noteworthy: Canada was the first nation to implement a national AI strategy, and more recently, Canada's federal and provincial governments have designed and implemented a wide range of initiatives that attempt to intervene in a variety of potential impacts associated with AI systems. We present a semi-systematic review and synthesis of 84 of those AI governance initiatives. We find that those 84 initiatives predominantly focus on developing programs, policies, and strategic plans to intervene in industry and innovation, technology production and use, AI research, and public administration. Conversely, we find relatively little focus on developing ethics statements or standards, as well as little focus on intervening in social and workforce development services, AI education and training, and digital infrastructure. We suggest three opportunities for researchers and four opportunities for practitioners that, if enacted, would strengthen the overall state of Canadian AI governance. Our study contributes a novel macro-scale synthesis of AI governance initiatives within a national context, as well as practical opportunities for intervening in national AI governance challenges related to evaluation of initiative outcomes, public trust and participation in initiatives, AI impact representation in initiatives, and national unification.

中文翻译：

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加拿大人工智能治理：对 84 项人工智能治理举措进行审查的发现和机遇

近年来，人工智能（AI）系统的有效治理已成为许多国家的战略需要。在这些国家中，加拿大尤其值得注意：加拿大是第一个实施国家人工智能战略的国家，最近，加拿大联邦和省政府设计并实施了一系列举措，试图干预与人工智能相关的各种潜在影响。与人工智能系统。我们对其中 84 项人工智能治理举措进行了半系统回顾和综合。我们发现，这 84 项举措主要侧重于制定干预产业和创新、技术生产和使用、人工智能研究和公共管理的项目、政策和战略计划。相反，我们发现相对较少关注制定道德声明或标准，也很少关注干预社会和劳动力发展服务、人工智能教育和培训以及数字基础设施。我们建议为研究人员提供三个机会，为从业者提供四个机会，如果颁布，将加强加拿大人工智能治理的整体状况。我们的研究对国家背景下的人工智能治理举措进行了新颖的宏观综合，并提供了干预国家人工智能治理挑战的实际机会，这些挑战涉及评估举措结果、公众信任和参与举措、举措中的人工智能影响代表、和国家统一。