Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is a promising technology for freshwater production from seawater, but salt accumulation on the evaporator surface hinders its performance and sustainability. In this study, we report a simple and green strategy to fabricate a three-dimensional porous graphene spiral roll (3GSR) that enables highly efficient solar evaporation, salt collection, and water production from near-saturated brine with zero liquid discharge (ZLD). The 3GSR design facilitates energy recovery, radial brine transport, and directional salt crystallization, thereby resulting in an ultrahigh evaporation rate of 9.05 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ in 25 wt% brine under 1-sun illumination for 48 h continuously. Remarkably, the directional salt crystallization on its outer surface not only enlarges the evaporation area but also achieves an ultrahigh salt collection rate of 2.92 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, thus enabling ZLD desalination. Additionally, 3GSR exhibits a record-high water production rate of 3.14 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ in an outdoor test. This innovative solution offers a highly efficient and continuous solar desalination method for water production and ZLD brine treatment, which has great implications for addressing global water scarcity and environmental issues arising from brine disposal.

中文翻译：

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高效三维太阳能蒸发器用于高盐卤水零排液淡化

太阳能驱动的界面蒸发是一种很有前途的海水生产淡水技术，但蒸发器表面的盐积累阻碍了其性能和可持续性。在这项研究中，我们报告了一种简单而绿色的策略来制造三维多孔石墨烯螺旋卷（3GSR），该策略能够实现高效的太阳能蒸发、盐收集以及从接近饱和的盐水中生产水，并且零液体排放（ZLD）。 3GSR设计有利于能量回收、径向盐水输送和定向盐结晶，从而在25 wt%盐水中连续48小时1太阳光照下产生9.05 kg m ^-2  h ^-1的超高蒸发率。值得注意的是，其外表面的定向盐结晶不仅扩大了蒸发面积，而且实现了2.92 kg m ^-2  h ^-1的超高盐收集率，从而实现了ZLD海水淡化。此外，3GSR在室外测试中表现出3.14 kg m ^-2  h ^-1的创纪录高产水率。这一创新解决方案为水生产和ZLD盐水处理提供了一种高效、连续的太阳能海水淡化方法，这对于解决全球水资源短缺和盐水处理引起的环境问题具有重大意义。