AimEcoregions and the distance decay in community similarity are fundamental concepts in biogeography and conservation biology that are well supported across plants and animals, but not fungi. Here we test the relevance of these concepts for ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in temperate and boreal regions.LocationEurope.Time Period2008–2015.Major Taxa StudiedEctomycorrhizal fungi.MethodsWe used a large dataset of ~24,000 ectomycorrhizas, assigned to 1350 operational taxonomic units, collected from 129 forest plots via a standardized protocol. We investigated the relevance of ecoregion delimitations for ECM fungi through complementary methodological approaches based on distance decay models, multivariate analyses and indicator species analyses. We then evaluated the effects of host tree and climate on the observed biogeographical distributions.ResultsEcoregions predict large‐scale ECM fungal biodiversity patterns. This is partly explained by climate differences between ecoregions but independent from host tree distribution. Basidiomycetes in the orders Russulales and Atheliales and producing epigeous fruiting bodies, with potentially short‐distance dispersal, show the best agreement with ecoregion boundaries. Host tree distribution and fungal abundance (as opposed to presence/absence only) are important to uncover biogeographical patterns in mycorrhizas.Main ConclusionsEcoregions are useful units to investigate eco‐evolutionary processes in mycorrhizal fungal communities and for conservation decision‐making that includes fungi.

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外生菌根真菌受到欧洲生态区边界的影响

目标生态区域和群落相似性的距离衰减是生物地理学和保护生物学中的基本概念，在植物和动物中得到了很好的支持，但在真菌中却没有。在这里，我们测试了这些概念与温带和寒带地区外生菌根 (ECM) 真菌的相关性。地点欧洲。时间段 2008–2015。研究外生菌根真菌的主要分类群。方法我们使用了大约 24,000 个外生菌根的大型数据集，分配给 1350 个操作分类单元，收集通过标准化协议从 129 个森林地块中提取。我们通过基于距离衰减模型、多变量分析和指示物种分析的补充方法研究了 ECM 真菌生态区划界的相关性。然后我们评估了寄主树和气候对观察到的生物地理分布的影响。结果生态区预测了大规模 ECM 真菌生物多样性模式。这部分是由于生态区之间的气候差异造成的，但与寄主树的分布无关。红菌目 (Russulales) 和无丝菌目 (Atheliales) 中的担子菌，产生上生子实体，具有潜在的短距离传播，与生态区边界表现出最佳的一致性。寄主树分布和真菌丰度（而不是仅存在/不存在）对于揭示菌根的生物地理模式很重要。主要结论生态区是研究菌根真菌群落生态进化过程和包括真菌在内的保护决策的有用单位。