AimWe are using the fossil record of different marine plankton groups to determine how their biodiversity has changed during past climate warming comparable to projected future warming.LocationNorth Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. Time series cover a latitudinal range from 75° N to 6° S.Time periodPast 24,000 years, from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the current warm period covering the last deglaciation.Major taxa studiedPlanktonic foraminifera, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores.MethodsWe analyse time series of fossil plankton communities using principal component analysis and generalized additive models to estimate the overall trend of temporal compositional change in each plankton group and to identify periods of significant change. We further analyse local biodiversity change by analysing species richness, species gains and losses, and the effective number of species in each sample, and compare alpha diversity to the LGM mean.ResultsAll plankton groups show remarkably similar trends in the rates and spatio‐temporal dynamics of local biodiversity change and a pronounced non‐linearity with climate change in the current warm period. Assemblages of planktonic foraminifera and dinoflagellates started to change significantly with the onset of global warming around 15,500 to 17,000 years ago and continued to change at the same rate during the current warm period until at least 5000 years ago, while coccolithophore assemblages changed at a constant rate throughout the past 24,000 years, seemingly irrespective of the prevailing temperature change.Main conclusionsClimate change during the transition from the LGM to the current warm period led to a long‐lasting reshuffling of zoo‐ and phytoplankton assemblages, likely associated with the emergence of new ecological interactions and possibly a shift in the dominant drivers of plankton assemblage change from more abiotic‐dominated causes during the last deglaciation to more biotic‐dominated causes with the onset of the Holocene.

中文翻译：

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自末次盛冰期以来浮游动物和浮游植物组合对全球变暖的一致响应

目的我们正在利用不同海洋浮游生物群的化石记录来确定它们的生物多样性在过去的气候变暖期间如何变化，与预计的未来变暖相当。位置北大西洋和邻近海域。时间序列涵盖从 75° N 到 6° S 的纬度范围。时间段过去 24,000 年，从末次盛冰期 (LGM) 到当前温暖期，涵盖末次冰消期。研究的主要类群有浮游有孔虫、甲藻和颗石藻。方法我们分析时间系列化石浮游生物群落，使用主成分分析和广义加性模型来估计每个浮游生物群体的时间组成变化的总体趋势，并确定显着变化的时期。我们通过分析物种丰富度、物种得失以及每个样本中物种的有效数量，进一步分析当地的生物多样性变化，并将α多样性与LGM平均值进行比较。结果所有浮游生物群体在速率和时空动态方面都表现出非常相似的趋势当地生物多样性变化以及当前温暖期气候变化的明显非线性。大约15,500至17,000年前，随着全球变暖的开始，浮游有孔虫和甲藻的组合开始发生显着变化，并且在当前温暖时期继续以相同的速度变化，直到至少5000年前，而颗石藻组合以恒定的速度变化在过去的 24,000 年里，似乎与盛行的温度变化无关。主要结论从末次盛冰期到当前温暖期的过渡期间的气候变化导致了浮游动物和浮游植物组合的长期重新洗牌，这可能与新生态的出现有关。相互作用以及浮游生物组合的主要驱动因素可能发生转变，从上次冰消期期间以非生物为主的原因转变为全新世开始时以生物为主的原因。