Exposure to risk factors and adversity may cause immediate, and sometimes prolonged, psychological symptoms in adolescents. Identifying universal and specific risk factors in a particular context and examining their cumulative effects is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying psychological symptoms and informing about strategies for intervention. Using concurrent measures, the current study aimed to examine the role of armed conflict experiences and cumulation of other risk factors (e.g., maternal psychological symptoms, socioeconomic indicators) in predicting adolescent psychological symptoms in an underresearched community. The sample included 161 adolescents (54.7% female) aged 11–14 years (M = 12.36, SD = 1.27) and their mothers living in the east of Turkey. The cumulative risk index was calculated by summing the standardized scores of the corresponding factors. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to predict internalizing and externalizing symptoms among adolescents by introducing demographic variables (age, gender) in the first step, armed conflict experiences and cumulative risk in the second step, and their interaction in the final step. Results showed that the levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms were predicted by gender, armed conflict experience and cumulative risk. Being a girl was associated with higher levels of internalizing symptoms and lower levels of externalizing symptoms. Higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms were predicted by exposure to armed and cumulative risk. After controlling for other factors, the interaction of armed conflict experience and cumulative risk significantly predicted externalizing, but not internalizing symptoms. These findings suggested that cumulative risk was a stronger predictor of psychological symptoms, and further amplified the strength of the association between armed conflict experiences and externalizing symptoms. These findings can be used in the formulation of intervention strategies and policies to promote psychological well‐being in adolescents living in armed conflict zones under multiple risks.

中文翻译：

---

累积风险和武装冲突暴露对土耳其青少年心理症状的影响

暴露于危险因素和逆境可能会导致青少年立即出现，有时甚至是长期的心理症状。识别特定背景下的普遍和特定风险因素并检查其累积影响对于理解心理症状的机制和告知干预策略至关重要。本研究旨在采用并行措施，探讨武装冲突经历和其他风险因素（例如母亲心理症状、社会经济指标）的累积在预测研究不足的社区中青少年心理症状中的作用。样本包括 161 名 11-14 岁青少年（54.7% 为女性）（中号= 12.36，SD = 1.27）和他们的母亲住在土耳其东部。累积风险指数是通过将相应因素的标准化得分相加计算得出的。分层多元回归分析通过第一步引入人口变量（年龄、性别）、第二步引入武装冲突经历和累积风险以及最后一步引入它们的相互作用来预测青少年的内化和外化症状。结果表明，内化和外化症状的水平可以通过性别、武装冲突经历和累积风险来预测。女孩的内化症状水平较高，而外化症状水平较低。通过暴露于武装和累积风险，可以预测更高水平的内化和外化症状。在控制其他因素后，武装冲突经历和累积风险的相互作用显着预测了外化症状，但不能预测内化症状。这些发现表明，累积风险是心理症状的更强预测因子，并进一步放大了武装冲突经历与外在症状之间的关联强度。这些发现可用于制定干预策略和政策，以促进生活在武装冲突地区面临多种风险的青少年的心理健康。