Neonicotinoids are insecticides widely used in the world. Although neonicotinoids are believed to be toxic only to insects, their developmental neurotoxicity in mammals is a concern. Therefore, we examined the effects of developmental exposure to neonicotinoids on immune system in the brain and post‐developmental behaviors in this study. Imidacloprid or clothianidin was orally administered to dams at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg/day from embryonic day 11 to postnatal day 21. Imidacloprid decreased sociability, and both imidacloprid and clothianidin decreased locomotor activity and induced anxiety, depression and abnormal repetitive behaviors after the developmental period. There was no change in the number of neurons in the hippocampus of mice exposed to imidacloprid. However, the number and activity of microglia during development were significantly decreased by imidacloprid exposure. Imidacloprid also induced neural circuit dysfunction in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus during the early postnatal period. Exposure to imidacloprid suppressed the expression of csf1r during development. Collectively, these results suggest that developmental exposure to imidacloprid decreases the number and activity of microglia, which can cause neural circuit dysfunction and abnormal behaviors after the developmental period. Care must be taken to avoid exposure to neonicotinoids, especially during development.

中文翻译：

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小鼠发育过程中接触新烟碱类农药引起小胶质细胞数量减少和神经回路功能障碍

新烟碱类杀虫剂是世界上广泛使用的杀虫剂。尽管新烟碱类杀虫剂被认为仅对昆虫有毒，但它们对哺乳动物的发育神经毒性令人担忧。因此，我们在本研究中研究了发育期接触新烟碱类杀虫剂对大脑免疫系统和发育后行为的影响。从胚胎第11天到出生后第21天，按0.1 mg/kg/天的剂量给母鼠口服吡虫啉或噻虫胺。吡虫啉降低了社交能力，吡虫啉和噻虫胺均降低了运动能力，并在产后诱发焦虑、抑郁和异常重复行为。发育期。暴露于吡虫啉的小鼠海马神经元数量没有变化。然而，吡虫啉暴露后，发育过程中小胶质细胞的数量和活性显着降低。吡虫啉还在产后早期引起海马 CA1 和 CA3 区神经回路功能障碍。暴露于吡虫啉可抑制发育过程中 csf1r 的表达。总的来说，这些结果表明，发育期接触吡虫啉会降低小胶质细胞的数量和活性，从而导致发育期后的神经回路功能障碍和异常行为。必须小心避免接触新烟碱类杀虫剂，尤其是在发育过程中。