To incorporate different concentrations of Al2O9Zr3 (1%, 5%, and 10%) nanoparticles (NP) into the ER adhesive and subsequently assess the impact of this addition on the degree of conversion, μTBS, and antimicrobial efficacy. The current research involved a wide‐ranging examination that merged various investigative techniques, including the application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface characterization of NP coupled with energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, μTBS testing, and microbial analysis. Teeth were divided into four groups based on the application of modified and unmodified three‐step ER adhesive primer. Group 1 (0% Al2O9Zr3 NPs) Control, Group 2 (1% Al2O9Zr3 NPs), Group 3 (5% Al2O9Zr3 NPs), and Group 4 (10% Al2O9Zr3 NPs). EDX analysis of Al2O9Zr3 NPs was performed showing elemental distribution in synthesized NPs. Zirconium (Zr), Aluminum (Al), and Oxides (O2). After primer application, an assessment of the survival rate of Streptococcus mutans was completed. The FTIR spectra were analyzed to observe the characteristic peaks indicating the conversion of double bonds, both before and after the curing process, for the adhesive Etch and rinse containing 1,5,10 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs. μTBS and failure mode assessment were performed using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope respectively. The μTBS and S.mutans survival rates comparison among different groups was performed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc (p = .05). Group 4 (10 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive) specimens exhibited the minimum survival of S.mutans (0.11 ± 0.02 CFU/mL). Nonetheless, Group 1 (0 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive) displayed the maximum surviving S.mutans (0.52 ± 0.08 CFU/mL). Moreover, Group 2 (1 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive) (21.22 ± 0.73 MPa) samples displayed highest μTBS. However, the bond strength was weakest in Group 1 (0 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive) (14.13 ± 0.32 MPa) study samples. The etch‐and‐rinse adhesive exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity and micro‐tensile bond strength (μTBS) when 1% Al2O9Zr3 NPs was incorporated, as opposed to the control group. Nevertheless, the incorporation of Al2O9Zr3 NPs led to a decrease in DC.Research Highlights 10 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive specimens exhibited the minimum survival of S.mutans. 1 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive samples displayed the most strong composite/CAD bond. The highest DC was observed in Group 1: 0 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive.

中文翻译：

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蚀刻和冲洗粘合剂中的锆酸铝纳米颗粒对龋齿影响的牙本质：体外扫描电子显微镜、元素分布、抗菌、转化度和微拉伸粘合强度评估

加入不同浓度的Al2氧9锆3(1%、5% 和 10%) 纳米粒子 (NP) 到 ER 粘合剂中，随后评估添加物对转化程度、μTBS 和抗菌功效的影响。当前的研究涉及广泛的检查，融合了各种研究技术，包括应用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 结合能量色散 X 射线光谱 (EDX)、傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 来表征纳米粒子的表面光谱学、μTBS 测试和微生物分析。根据改性和未改性三步 ER 粘合底漆的应用，将牙齿分为四组。第 1 组（0% 铝2氧9锆3NP) 对照，第 2 组（1% Al2氧9锆3NP），第 3 组（5% Al2氧9锆3NP）和第 4 组（10% Al2O9Zr3 NP）。 Al 的 EDX 分析2氧9锆3NPs 的分析显示了合成 NPs 中的元素分布。锆 (Zr)、铝 (Al) 和氧化物 (O2）。应用底漆后，评估存活率变形链球菌已完成。分析 FTIR 光谱，观察含 1、5、10 wt% Al 的粘合剂蚀刻和冲洗固化过程之前和之后指示双键转化的特征峰2氧9锆3NP。 μTBS 和失效模式评估分别使用通用测试机 (UTM) 和立体显微镜进行。 μTBS 和变形链球菌使用单向方差分析和 Tukey 事后分析对不同组之间的生存率进行比较（p= .05)。第 4 组（10 wt% 铝2氧9锆3NPs + ER 粘合剂）样本的最低存活率变形链球菌（0.11 ± 0.02 CFU/mL）。尽管如此，第 1 组（0 wt% Al2氧9锆3NPs + ER 粘合剂）显示出最大的存活率变形链球菌（0.52 ± 0.08 CFU/mL）。此外，第 2 组（1 wt% Al2氧9锆3NPs + ER 粘合剂）（21.22 ± 0.73 MPa）样品显示出最高的 μTBS。然而，第 1 组（0 wt% Al2氧9锆3NP + ER 粘合剂）（14.13 ± 0.32 MPa）研究样品。当 1% Al 时，蚀刻和冲洗粘合剂表现出增强的抗菌活性和微拉伸粘合强度 (μTBS)2氧9锆3与对照组相反，NPs 被纳入其中。尽管如此，Al 的加入2氧9锆3NP 导致 DC 减少。研究亮点 10% 铝2氧9锆3NPs + ER 粘合剂样本的最低存活率变形链球菌。 1 重量% 铝2氧9锆3NP + ER 粘合剂样品显示出最强的复合材料/CAD 粘合力。 第 1 组观察到最高 DC：0 wt% Al2氧9锆3NP + ER 粘合剂。