Preterm small for gestational age (SGA) children are at increased risk for low bone mineral content later in life; however, data on SGA children born at term are scarce. We included 44 SGA and 57 adequate for gestational age (AGA) children aged 6 to 11 years to compare bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) and to identify which anthropometric and biochemical values influence bone mineralization in these children. Fat mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI), BMC, and BMD were significantly lower in SGA children than in AGA ( P ≤ .005). Appendicular muscle mass index correlated with BMC(TBLH,FN,L1-L4) and BMD(TBLH,FN,L1-L4) in both groups (r2 = 0.7, P < .05). In multivariate analysis, ASMMI was strongly associated with BMC and BMD in both groups. There were no differences in clinical biomarkers, calcium intake, and physical activity between the groups. Achieving adequate muscle mass contributes to adequate bone mineralization and a lower risk for low BMC and BMD in SGA children.

中文翻译：

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四肢肌肉质量指数是小于胎龄儿骨矿物质含量和密度的最重要决定因素

早产小于胎龄 (SGA) 儿童日后骨矿物质含量低的风险增加；然而，关于足月出生的 SGA 儿童的数据很少。我们纳入了 44 名 SGA 和 57 名 6 至 11 岁的足龄 (AGA) 儿童，比较骨矿物质密度 (BMD) 和骨矿物质含量 (BMC)，并确定哪些人体测量和生化值影响这些儿童的骨矿化。 SGA 儿童的脂肪量、四肢骨骼肌质量指数 (ASMMI)、BMC 和 BMD 显着低于 AGA 儿童 ( P ≤ .005)。四肢肌肉质量指数与 BMC 相关(TBLH,FN,L1-L4)和骨密度(TBLH,FN,L1-L4)在两组中（r2= 0.7，P < .05)。在多变量分析中，两组中 ASMMI 均与 BMC 和 BMD 密切相关。各组之间的临床生物标志物、钙摄入量和体力活动没有差异。获得足够的肌肉质量有助于足够的骨矿化，并降低 SGA 儿童 BMC 和 BMD 低的风险。