In recent years, the use of music as a therapeutic and developmental tool for infants, especially within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), has seen a surge in interest. Despite a growing body of research underscoring the potential benefits of music therapy and music medicine in enhancing infant development and aiding medical practices, the specific characteristics of music that maximize these benefits remain poorly understood. This systematic review aims to fill this gap by investigating the effects of passive music listening on the development and medical outcomes of infants, both full-term and premature. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted, covering studies published up until December 2022. The focus was on passive music listening, with a deliberate exclusion of active music interventions. Out of the initial pool of studies, 56 met the inclusion criteria, determined by the PICO framework, focusing on passive music exposure among full-term and preterm infants. Starting with a descriptive analysis approach, the study employed Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to identify key themes, including the physiological impacts of music, its role in pain management, effects on sleep and stress, and influences on feeding and weight gain. The review revealed a predominance of quantitative research methods, a significant concentration of studies from the United States, suggesting potential geographical bias, and a notable clinical setting bias. These findings indicate a critical need for methodological diversity and a more culturally inclusive and interdisciplinary approach to research. Although this systematic review highlights the beneficial role of passive music listening in pediatric care, it also points to the necessity for standardized music intervention protocols to optimize therapeutic and developmental outcomes for this vulnerable population. Future research should aim to bridge the methodological gaps identified, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding of music’s impact on infant development and medical practices in a global, culturally nuanced context.

中文翻译：

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儿科护理中的音乐医学和音乐治疗：对被动音乐聆听研究应用以及婴儿发育和医疗实践发现的系统回顾

近年来，人们对音乐作为婴儿的治疗和发育工具的兴趣激增，尤其是在新生儿重症监护病房 (NICU) 中。尽管越来越多的研究强调音乐疗法和音乐医学在促进婴儿发育和辅助医疗实践方面的潜在益处，但最大限度地发挥这些益处的音乐的具体特征仍然知之甚少。本系统综述旨在通过调查被动听音乐对足月和早产婴儿的发育和医疗结果的影响来填补这一空白。根据 PRISMA 指南，进行了全面的文献检索，涵盖截至 2022 年 12 月发表的研究。重点是被动音乐聆听，故意排除主动音乐干预。在最初的研究池中，有 56 项符合 PICO 框架确定的纳入标准，重点关注足月儿和早产儿的被动音乐接触。该研究从描述性分析方法开始，采用非负矩阵分解（NMF）和潜在狄利克雷分配（LDA）来确定关键主题，包括音乐的生理影响、其在疼痛管理中的作用、对睡眠和压力的影响以及影响进食和体重增加。该审查揭示了定量研究方法的主导地位，研究的显着集中来自美国，表明存在潜在的地理偏见和显着的临床环境偏见。这些发现表明迫切需要方法多样性以及更具文化包容性和跨学科的研究方法。尽管这项系统综述强调了被动聆听音乐在儿科护理中的有益作用，但它也指出了标准化音乐干预方案的必要性，以优化这一弱势群体的治疗和发育结果。未来的研究应旨在弥合已发现的方法论差距，整合定性和定量方法，以在全球文化微妙的背景下全面了解音乐对婴儿发育和医疗实践的影响。