BackgroundIn older adults, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with several cardiovascular complications. Whether young patients diagnosed with OSA also are at higher risk of developing subsequent cardiovascular disease is uncertain. We aimed to estimate the risk of developing an incident cardiovascular event among young patients diagnosed with OSA.Methods and ResultsWe linked nationwide Danish health registries to identify a cohort of patients aged ≤50 years with OSA using data from 2010 through 2018. Cases without OSA from the general population were matched as controls (1:5). The main outcome was any cardiovascular event (including hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, heart failure, and venous thromboembolism). All‐cause mortality was a secondary outcome. The study included 20 240 patients aged ≤50 years with OSA (19.6% female; mean±SD age 39.9±7.7 years) and 80 314 controls. After 5‐year follow‐up, 31.8% of the patients with OSA developed any cardiovascular event compared with 16.5% of the controls, with a corresponding relative risk (RR) of 1.96 (95% CI, 1.90–2.02). At 5‐year follow‐up, 27.3% of patients with OSA developed incident hypertension compared with 15.0% of the controls (RR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.78–1.90]). Incident diabetes occurred in 6.8% of the patients with OSA and 1.4% of controls (RR, 5.05 [95% CI, 4.60–5.54]).ConclusionsSimilar to older adults, young adults with OSA demonstrate increased risk of developing cardiovascular events. To prevent cardiovascular disease progression, accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality, risk stratification and prevention strategies should be considered for these patients.

中文翻译：

---

诊断患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的年轻患者的心血管风险

背景在老年人中，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）与多种心血管并发症有关。诊断患有 OSA 的年轻患者是否也有更高的罹患心血管疾病的风险尚不确定。我们的目的是评估诊断为 OSA 的年轻患者发生心血管事件的风险。方法和结果我们将丹麦全国卫生登记处联系起来，利用 2010 年至 2018 年的数据确定了一组年龄≤50 岁的 OSA 患者。将一般人群匹配为对照（1:5）。主要结局是任何心血管事件（包括高血压、糖尿病、心房颤动、缺血性心脏病、缺血性中风、心力衰竭和静脉血栓栓塞）。全因死亡率是次要结果。该研究包括 20 240 名年龄 ≤ 50 岁的 OSA 患者（19.6% 为女性；平均±标准差年龄 39.9±7.7 岁）和 80 314 名对照者。 5 年随访后，31.8% 的 OSA 患者出现心血管事件，而对照组这一比例为 16.5%，相应的相对风险 (RR) 为 1.96（95% CI，1.90-2.02）。在 5 年随访中，27.3% 的 OSA 患者发生高血压，而对照组患者这一比例为 15.0%（RR，1.84 [95% CI，1.78-1.90]）。 6.8% 的 OSA 患者和 1.4% 的对照患者发生糖尿病（RR，5.05 [95% CI，4.60–5.54]）。 结论 与老年人相似，患有 OSA 的年轻人表现出发生心血管事件的风险增加。为了预防心血管疾病的进展、心血管危险因素的积累和死亡率，应考虑对这些患者进行危险分层和预防策略。