The reaction of oxygen reduction is essential for media of energy storage and transformation, such as fuel cells. The development of effective and highly stable electro-catalysts, such as single-atom catalysts, poses a definite limitation in clean power technologies. Currently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with a flexible structure and regularly-separated active sites have been developed as unusual and promising precursors for the development of composite particles based on carbon, exhibiting outstanding properties for various applications, particularly in electrochemistry.

In this mini-review, the synthesis, characterization, and the role of different MOF-based electro-catalysts, including MOF-based single atom electro-catalysts have been summarized. The impact of active sites (like hetero-atoms and metal central ions), chemical structure, electronic composition, and porosity of MOF-based nano-composites on the behavior of oxygen reduction reaction were explained by combining both laboratory results and analytical estimates. Taking into account ways to improve mass density of sufficient active sites and preserving them from destruction and corrosion.

氧还原反应对于能量存储和转换介质（例如燃料电池）至关重要。有效且高度稳定的电催化剂（例如单原子催化剂）的开发对清洁能源技术造成了一定的限制。目前，具有柔性结构和规则分离的活性位点的金属有机框架（MOF）已被开发为开发基于碳的复合颗粒的不寻常且有前途的前体，在各种应用中表现出出色的性能，特别是在电化学中。

在这篇小综述中，总结了不同 MOF 基电催化剂（包括 MOF 基单原子电催化剂）的合成、表征和作用。通过结合实验室结果和分析估计，解释了活性位点（如杂原子和金属中心离子）、化学结构、电子组成和 MOF 基纳米复合材料的孔隙率对氧还原反应行为的影响。考虑提高足够活性位点的质量密度并保护它们免受破坏和腐蚀的方法。