The formation of weakly bound clusters in the hot and dense environment at midrapidity is one of the surprising phenomena observed experimentally in heavy-ion collisions from a low center of mass energy of a few GeV up to an ultrarelativistic energy of several TeV. Three approaches have been advanced to describe the cluster formation: coalescence at kinetic freeze-out, cluster formation during the entire heavy-ion collision by potential interaction between nucleons, and deuteron production by hadronic kinetic reactions. Based on the parton-hadron-quantum molecular dynamics microscopic transport approach, which incorporates all three mechanisms for deuteron production, we identify experimental observables, which can discriminate these production mechanisms for deuterons.

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接近中速时的簇形成：如何通过实验确定生产机制

在中速炎热而致密的环境中形成弱束缚团簇是在重离子碰撞中实验观察到的令人惊讶的现象之一，从低质心能量几GeV到几TeV的超相对论能量。已经提出了三种方法来描述团簇形成：动力学冻结时的聚结、整个重离子碰撞过程中核子之间潜在相互作用的团簇形成以及强子动力学反应产生氘核。基于部分子-强子-量子分子动力学微观输运方法，该方法结合了所有三种氘核产生机制，我们确定了实验可观测值，可以区分这些氘核产生机制。