IntroductionWith aging, dual task (DT) ability declines and is more cognitively demanding than single tasks. Rapidly declining DT performance is regarded as a predictor of neurodegenerative disease. Task training and non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) are methods applied to optimize the DT ability of the elderly.MethodsA systematic search was carried out in the PUBMED, TDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation) databases, as well as Web of Science, and a qualitative analysis was conducted in 56 included studies. Aiming to summarize the results of studies that implemented tES, task training, or the combination for improving DT ability and related performance changes in healthy elderly and geriatric patients. For different approaches, the training procedures, parameters, as well as outcomes were discussed.ResultsTask training, particularly cognitive-motor DT training, has more notable effects on improving DT performance in the elderly when compared to the neuromodulation method.DiscussionAnodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC), or its combination with task training could be promising tools. However, additional evidence is required from aged healthy people and patients, as well as further exploration of electrode montage.

中文翻译：

---

突破限制——利用经颅电刺激和任务训练改善老年人的双重任务：系统评价

简介随着年龄的增长，双重任务（DT）能力会下降，并且比单一任务对认知的要求更高。快速下降的 DT 表现被认为是神经退行性疾病的预测因子。任务训练和无创经颅电刺激（tES）是优化老年人DT能力的方法。方法在PUBMED、TDCS（经颅直流电刺激）数据库以及Web of Science、对纳入的 56 项研究进行了定性分析。旨在总结通过实施 tES、任务训练或两者相结合来提高健康老年人和老年患者的 DT 能力和相关表现变化的研究结果。针对不同的方法，讨论了训练过程、参数以及结果。结果与神经调节方法相比，任务训练，特别是认知运动DT训练，对改善老年人的DT表现有更显着的效果。讨论阳极经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）在左背外侧前额叶皮层（L-DLPFC）上，或其与任务训练的结合可能是有前途的工具。然而，需要来自老年健康人和患者的额外证据，以及电极蒙太奇的进一步探索。