Introduction: This study investigates the biological activities of Lavandula pinnata essential oil (LPEO), an endemic lavender species from the Canary Islands, traditionally used in treating various ailments.Methods: LPEO was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion, MIC, MBC, and MFC determination against bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal (Candida glabrata, Rhodotorula glutinis, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum) strains. Antidiabetic and anti-gout potential were investigated through α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase inhibition assays. Antityrosinase activity was determined using a modified dopachrome method. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay against breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468), liver (HepG2), colon (HCT-15) cancer cells, and normal cells (PBMCs).Results and discussion: LPEO exhibits potent antiradical activity (IC50 = 148.33 ± 2.48 μg/mL) and significant antioxidant capacity (TAC = 171.56 ± 2.34 μg AA/mg of EO). It demonstrates notable antibacterial activity against four strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) with inhibition zones ranging from 18.70 ± 0.30 mm to 29.20 ± 0.30 mm, along with relatively low MIC and MBC values. LPEO displays significant antifungal activity against four strains (Candida glabrata, Rhodotorula glutinis, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium digitatum) with a fungicidal effect at 1 mg/mL, surpassing the positive control (cycloheximide), and MIC and MFC values indicating a fungicidal effect. It exhibits substantial inhibition of xanthine oxidase enzyme (IC50 = 26.48 ± 0.90 μg/mL), comparable to allopurinol, and marked inhibitory effects on α-amylase (IC50 = 31.56 ± 0.46 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 58.47 ± 2.35 μg/mL) enzymes.The enzyme tyrosinase is inhibited by LPEO (IC50 = 29.11 ± 0.08 mg/mL). LPEO displays moderate cytotoxic activity against breast, liver, and colon cancer cells, with low toxicity towards normal cells (PBMC). LPEO exhibits greater selectivity than cisplatin for breast (MCF-7) and colon (HCT-15) cancer cells but lower selectivity for liver (HepG2) and metastatic breast (MDA-MB-468) cancer cells. These findings suggest the potential of LPEO as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-gout, antidiabetic, and anticancer agent.

中文翻译：

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探索薰衣草精油的多方面生物活性：有前景的药理活性

简介：本研究旨在探讨以下物质的生物活性：薰衣草精油 (LPEO) 是加那利群岛特有的薰衣草品种，传统上用于治疗各种疾病。方法：通过水蒸馏法提取 LPEO，并使用 GC-MS 进行分析。通过 DPPH 自由基清除和总抗氧化能力测定来评估抗氧化活性。通过纸片扩散、MIC、MBC 和 MFC 测定对细菌的抗菌活性进行评估（金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄微球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌）和真菌（光滑念珠菌、粘红酵母、黑曲霉、指状青霉）菌株。通过 α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制测定研究了抗糖尿病和抗痛风潜力。使用改进的多巴色素方法测定抗酪氨酸酶活性。通过 MTT 测定评估对乳腺癌 (MCF-7、MDA-MB-468)、肝癌 (HepG2)、结肠 (HCT-15) 癌细胞和正常细胞 (PBMC) 的细胞毒性。结果和讨论：LPEO 表现出有效的抗自由基活性(IC50 = 148.33 ± 2.48 μg/mL) 和显着的抗氧化能力 (TAC = 171.56 ± 2.34 μg AA/mg EO)。它对四种菌株表现出显着的抗菌活性（金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄微球菌、大肠杆菌、和铜绿假单胞菌），抑制区范围为 18.70 ± 0.30 mm 至 29.20 ± 0.30 mm，以及相对较低的 MIC 和 MBC 值。 LPEO 对四种菌株表现出显着的抗真菌活性（光滑念珠菌、粘红酵母、黑曲霉、和指状青霉）在1 mg/mL时具有杀菌作用，超过阳性对照（放线菌酮），MIC和MFC值表明具有杀菌作用。它对黄嘌呤氧化酶具有显着的抑制作用 (IC50 = 26.48 ± 0.90 μg/mL)，与别嘌呤醇相当，并且对 α-淀粉酶 (IC50 = 31.56 ± 0.46 μg/mL) 和 α-葡萄糖苷酶 (IC50 = 58.47 ± 2.35 μg/mL) 酶。LPEO 抑制酪氨酸酶 (IC50 = 29.11 ± 0.08 mg/mL)。 LPEO 对乳腺癌、肝癌和结肠癌细胞表现出中等的细胞毒活性，对正常细胞 (PBMC) 的毒性较低。 LPEO 对乳腺癌 (MCF-7) 和结肠 (HCT-15) 癌细胞的选择性高于顺铂，但对肝癌 (HepG2) 和转移性乳腺癌 (MDA-MB-468) 癌细胞的选择性较低。这些发现表明 LPEO 作为抗氧化剂、抗菌剂、抗痛风剂、抗糖尿病剂和抗癌剂的潜力。